v1.3 Oil‚ Gas & Energy Law Intelligence Valuation of Undeveloped Oil Reserves with Option Pricing Model by B. Lubiantara www.gasandoil.com/ogel/ Issue : Vol. 4 - issue 4 November 2006 Valuation of Undeveloped Oil Reserves With Option Pricing Model Benny
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Colgate-Palmolive: Colgate-Palmolive Back to Basics Strategic Cost Management Prof: Dr. K.Sontake Prasseedha Raghavan Introduction: Introduction My case is about how Colgate Palmolive India Ltd used the fundamental 4P marketing concept to turn the trend and be a proactive competitor in the FMCG market. Snap Shot: Snap Shot Colgate-Palmolive was incorporated in India in the year 1937 . Launched Colgate Dental Cream .... and became a company dedicated to the oral health of the Nation .
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are common to all companies. The value of beta is determined in an objective manner by using sound statistical method. One practical problem with the use of beta‚ however‚ is that it does not probably remain stable over time. The Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) provides an alternative approach for the calculation of the cost of equity. As per the CAPM‚ the required rate of return on equity is given is given by the following relationship: Ke = Rf + (Rm – Rf) Bi Above equation requires
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Answers to Warm-Up Exercises E8-1. Total annual return Answer: ($0 $12‚000 $10‚000) $10‚000 $2‚000 $10‚000 20% Logistics‚ Inc. doubled the annual rate of return predicted by the analyst. The negative net income is irrelevant to the problem. E8-2. Expected return Answer: Analyst 1 2 3 4 Total Probability 0.35 0.05 0.20 0.40 1.00 Return 5% 5% 10% 3% Expected return Weighted Value 1.75% 0.25% 2.0% 1.2% 4.70% E8-3. Comparing the risk of two investments Answer: CV1 0.10 0.15 0.6667 CV2 0.05
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(10 points) Suppose CAPM works‚ and you know that the expected returns on Walmart and Amazon are estimated to be 12% and 10%‚ respectively. You have just calculated extremely reliable estimates of the betas of Walmart and Amazon to be 1.30 and 0.90‚ respectively. Given this data‚ what is a reasonable estimate of the risk-free rate (the return on a long-term government bond)? (Enter the answer with no more nor less than two decimal places‚ and leave off the % sign. For example‚ if your answer is 13
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7 Transfer Pricing LEARNING OBJECTIVES : After studying this chapter students will understand. * Purpose of transfer pricing * Responsibility of a division as responsibility centre * Conflicts between the divisions * Setting of transfer price where the profit of the organisation can be higher. 7.1 Introduction The whole organisation can be divided into a number of divisions‚ the performance of each division can be measured in terms of both the income earned and the
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2.2 Pricing Strategy 2.2.1 Factors affecting pricing decisions Milo is considered as a product of monopolistic competition market because there are many competitors of Milo in the market. Some of the competitors include Vico‚ Ovaltine‚ Horlicks‚ Dutch Lady and Nutrilite. Secondly‚ monopolistic competition market has free market entry and exit. This means that new competitors can enter the market easily and Milo may be easily force out of the market by its competitors. Monopolistic competition
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Abuse of dominance: Predatory Pricing Submitted by: Radhika Sahay (Intern; May 2012 – June 2012) ------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 CASES 6 LIST OF BOOKS‚ JOURNAL ARTICLES‚ REPORTS 8 LIST OF STATUTES REFFERED 11 CHAPTER1: BACKGROUND 12 CHAPTER 2: ABUSE OF DOMINANCE 15 2.1 Relevant Market: 16 2.2 Dominant Position: 20 a. Indian Position on indentifying “dominance” 20 DEFINITION OF DOMINANCE AND KEY ELEMENTS: 22 IMPORTANCE
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product development‚ market research and other tasks that are viewed as the more interesting and exciting parts of the job. Yet pricing decisions can have important consequences for the marketing organization and the attention given by the marketer to pricing is just as important as the attention given to more recognizable marketing activities. Some reasons pricing is important include: •Most Flexible Marketing Mix Variable – For marketers price is the most adjustable of all marketing decisions
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“What is the so-called pricing process?” Pricing is the determination of monetary amount in exchange on the commodity sold or the service rendered by the business. In pricing‚ the Business should consider the following factors that affect pricing: 1. The manufacturing or production cost. Variable and fixed costs are the costs incurred in a product or service. Examine whether the costs that have been incurred in the commodity sold or service rendered are going to be covered up by the revenue
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