1 BIOC33/CC4 Cardiovascular System (Lectures 1-4) Study Guide (2015) Lecture 1: Electrical Conduction within the Heart Topics The Conduction System of the Heart Pacemaker Potential Sample Questions 1. What is the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart? 2. Which changes in ionic conductance (permeability) accompany the various phases of the pacemaker potential? 3. 1. 2. 4. a) In zone 1‚ a decrease in PK and an increase in PNa: In zone 2‚ an increase in PCa b) In zone 1‚ a decrease in PK
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described a case in 1892‚ though it was first described by Rudolf Virchow in 1863. It is also known as Milroy disease‚ Nonne-Milroy-Meige syndrome and hereditary lymphedema. In later years many other causes were found such as cancer surgery where nodes were removed resulting in the term secondary lymphedema. In the last few years with genetic testing we have found mixed edemas such as the person who has the genetic tendency for lymphedema but didn’t have it in childhood but who had trauma or surgery
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Cardiac Pacemakers The heart is bestowed with a specialized system that automatically generates rhythmic control via the sinus node‚ located in the superior lateral wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava. The specialized pacemaker cells dictate control of the rest of the heart through regular electrical impulses that propagate from the right atria to the lower ventricles. The rapid conduction of these impulses cause the muscle cells of the atria to contract
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classified as primary (congenital malformations) or secondary (acquired obstruction. Swelling in the extremities occurs due to an excessive increased amount of lymph fluid due to an obstruction of lymphatic system. The obstruction may be in both the lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels. Eventually this will lead to subcutaneous tissue becoming fibrotic; this will impair vascular flow and oxygen transfer to the tissues. Signs: What you can observe (list all and then √ which apply to your pt.):
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that there is insufficient light. Design: Block Diagram: Block Descriptions: Overall Design: For our Automated Greenhouse Monitoring System‚ we will implement 3 types of sensors. The sensors to be used are photodiodes‚ a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. We
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CLINICAL ANATOMY Chapter 1 Summary Anatomy – science of structure and function of the body Clinical Anatomy – study of the macroscopic structures of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and application to other health sciences Basic Anatomy – minimal study to understand the overall structure and function of the body Painting: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is a 1632 oil painting by Rembrandt housed in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague‚ Netherlands History: Hippocrates
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temperature or the humidity of the surround environments detected. Besides that‚ it also can control the on/off of the curtain depend on the light intensity detected. Furthermore‚ this system also can control the intensity of house lamp with the related sensor. This idea is come from the GO GREEN Concept. As we know‚ our mother earth is being polluted‚ and the main cause is from the greenhouse effect. So‚ it is important to save the electricity and reduce it usage in order to reduce the greenhouse
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SH Lymphatic structures and organs | Slide: Blood‚ humanStain/colour: H&ELink: http://vslide.med.unsw.edu.au/flashslide.jsp?fn=aacr_b33.svs&mag=80 Prominent features: * Identify the different kinds of blood cells. * Note the large number of RBCs compared to WBCs –doughnut shaped‚ no nuclei. Use as “measuring stick” – 7 microns. * Platelets are much smaller – purple fragments. * Monocytes: large‚ bean-shaped nuclei * Neutrophils: small granules in cytoplasm‚ multi-lobed
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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils. The inflammation usually extends to the adenoid and the lingual tonsils; therefore‚ the term pharyngitis may also be used (1). Tonsillitis most often occurs in children; however‚ the condition rarely occurs in children younger than 2 years. Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus species typically occurs in children aged 5-15 years‚ while viral tonsillitis is more common in younger children (1). Most cases of bacterial tonsillitis are caused by group
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1.What Is Cancer? CANCER‚ a 6 letter word that makes our world upside down. Cancer is not just one disease‚ but a large group of almost 100 diseases. Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled growth of the cells in the human body and the ability of these cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. If the spread is not controlled‚ cancer can result in death. 2.How does cancer occur? The body is made up of trillions of living cells. These cells grow‚ divide‚ and die in
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