Sodium Zeolite Softening Introduction Cation Exchanger Bead + + + + + - -+ -+ + + + + -+ + + - -+ -+ + - + + -+ Ion exchange is the process in which materials exchange one ion for another‚ hold it temporarily‚ and release it to a regenerating solution. These materials are widely used to treat raw water supplies that contain dissolved salts. Today‚ the most commonly used material is an ion exchange resin. Resins are plastic beads to which a favorable
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Dr. Eidell October 24‚ 2014 Preparation and IR Analysis of 2-chloride-2-methylbutane Line Reaction Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to react 2-methyl-2-butanol with concentrated HCl in order to form 2-chloride-2-methylbutane. The hydrogen for the HCl make the -OH from the 2-methyl-2-butanol into a good leaving group because H2O is formed. The H2O leaves and Cl- is free to bond with the carbocation creating 2-chloride-2-methylbutane. The materials needed for the lab were an Erlenmeyer
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Chemical Reactions- Sodium Hydroxide A chemical reaction is a change where two or more substances are changed into a new substance. You can identify a chemical reaction by colour change‚ effervescence (bubbles)‚ when light or heat given off‚ and the change is usually irreversible. There are 6 main types of chemical reactions- combustion (often called burning)‚ synthesis‚ decomposition‚ neutralization‚ single replacement and double replacement. A combustion reaction is a reaction with oxygen‚ and
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Title: Prep of t-Butyl Chloride via SN1 Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize tert-butyl chloride via an SN1 reaction. t-Butyl Chloride was synthesized from t-Butyl Alcohol using hydrochloric acid in separatory funnel; isolation of t-Butyl Chloride was done under distillation conditions. The experiment resulted in 8.29grams of purified compound‚ which is a 66.27 percent yield. Procedure: As per handout with changes Equation: Mechanism: Results: (Scan
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crystallization indicates that the solution has become statured. This means that at each temperature recorded the solution contains the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved in that amount of solvent. Standard solubility table of Ammonium chloride Solubility g/100gH2O Temperature /°c/±0.1 60‚3 71‚3 55‚5 59‚3 51.3 52‚4 47‚7 47‚2 43‚4 41‚8 Uncertainties and errors of volume and temperature VOLUME H2O/ml/±0.05 Percentage uncertainty/% Temperature/°c/±0.1 Percentage
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peroxide reacts with iodide ions producing iodine‚ when in an aqueous acid solution. H2O2 (aq) + 2I- (aq) + 2H3O+(aq) I2 (aq) + 2H2O(l) To detect iodine you can look at the color shown by the addition of starch solution. Iodine also reacts with sodium thiosulphate solution‚ which acts as a delaying agent. Adding sodium thiosulphate to the reaction mixture will allow the iodine produced initially to react with the thiosulphate ions‚ which reduce the iodine to iodide ions‚ leaving the starch unchanged
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Lab 4. Volumetric Determination of Impure Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Introduction: To determine the total amount of carbonate in unrefined sodium carbonate‚ soda ash‚ a titration is done using a standardized solution of HCl. Aqueous HCl is a strong acid and therefore almost completely disassociates into H+ and CL-. Therefore‚ when HCl is used in a titration‚ the H+ is the titrant. Carbonate in aqueous solution is able to accept a proton‚ i.e. it acts as a base. When carbonate accepts the H+ a bicarbonate
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KNES 470 Dr Rubin 4-18-12 Sodium Bicarbonate and Boxing Performance Boxing is a sport which relies on anaerobic power since it contains short-duration and high intensity work. A typical boxing match today consists of 3 minute rounds with a 1 minute seated recovery rest. When an athlete performs exercise at maximal level for more than 30 seconds‚ most of the energy comes from anaerobic glycolysis. During this process‚ lactic acid is produced which causes a decrease in pH levels within the muscle
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hydrogen chloride has properties: Hydrogen chloride has one molecule of hydrogen and one molecule of chlorine: Hydrogen chloride has a very powerful smell. It is in the form of a gas but only when it is at room temperature which is approximately 25 Celsius and when the pressure is high. The solubility of hydrogen chloride is very high this means that it can dissolve in water quickly because it dissolves many times in its own solution (the gas form of hydrogen chloride). It is very soluble because
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Modern methods of food production have altered radically from processes used in the past. Many food producing companies have invented their own improved techniques of cooking. Most of these procedures contain numerous different forms of chemical additives and one of the newest chemical substances that will enhance food flavor is monosodium glutamate (MSG). Even though it has no taste of its own‚ it intensifies considerably the taste of a wide variety of food as well as revealing flavors that could
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