| Separation of Nitrophenols | | | | Abstract: Using a micro scale steam distillation we separated ortho and para-nitrophenol from a mixture that was already made. After the para and ortho were separated we measured their melting points and compared it to the literature values for purity. For ortho-nitrophenol we had 60% recovery and for para 160% recovery. Our melting point ranges were ortho: 45-46°C and para 64-95°C. Introduction: Nitration: In phenols‚ -OH group strongly
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Principles of Mass Transferand Separation Processes Binay K. Dutta Universiti Teknologi Petronas Malaysia New Delhi-110001 2009 PRINCIPLES OF MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION PROCESSES Binay K. Dutta © 2007 by PHI Learning Private Limited‚ New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form‚ by mimeograph or any other means‚ without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover photo — Courtesy: Haldia Petrochemicals Limited ISBN-978-81-203-2990-4
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Industrial Separation Blood is a liquid mixture that is found in the biosphere in humans and animals. Blood is always red in appearance‚ liquid‚ and can be thick or thin in texture. The major products of blood are blood plasma‚ white blood cells‚ red blood cells and platelets. Blood has a vital role in our day to day lives and makes it possible for life as we know it as its functions are key to our survival. Blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide around our body‚ moves nutrients‚ waste products
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TECH0701: Measuring the Melting Points of Compounds and Mixtures Introduction This exercise dealt with the melting points of pure mandelic acid and benzoic acid. The eutectic temperature and composition of mandelic and benzoic acid mixtures were determined. And finally‚ an unknown was identified by its mixtures and melting point. The melting point of a compound is used by organic chemists not only to identify the compound‚ but also to establish its purity. To determine the melting point two
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not change color so an additional 0.5 mL of reagent was added and allowed to mix for five more minutes. This process was repeated again and at 40 minutes the reagent was in excess. The reacted mixture was then added to a beaker containing 10 mL of saturated sodium chloride and a small piece of ice. This mixture was then separated equally into two centrifuge tubes where 3 mL of diethyl ether was then added. After gently shaking and venting the centrifuge tubes the bottom aqueous layer was extracted and
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Lab #5: Refraction of Light Theory: Refraction can be defined as the bending of a wave when it enters a medium which causes it to have some reduced speed. In terms of light‚ refraction occurs when the ray passes through some medium which slows its speed; such as water or glass. In this instance the ray tends to bend towards the normal of the medium. The amount of bending or refraction which occurs can be calculated using Snell’s Law (). Objective: To measure the index of refraction of Lucite
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Experiment 1: Mixtures Aim: To develop an understanding of different types of mixtures including solutions and examine the different solubilities of some solutes and two solvents: water and ethanol Equipment Bunsen burner Tripod Gauze mat Beakers (2 x 100mL) Boiling chips Distilled water Sodium chloride Sodium chloride (solid) Glass rod Measuring cylinder (25mL) Ethanol Watch glass Thermometer 100% Orange Juice 100% Apple Juice 100% Prune Juice Solder Fruit Scone Charcoal Copper(II) Chloride Magnifying
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Robert Gardner Chandler English IV 9 January 2013 Total Separation of Church and State “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion‚ or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…” The first Amendment of the Bill of Rights within the Constitution and an amendment that comes with support‚ rejection‚ and controversy. The amendment was made because the forefathers didn’t want a bloodbath that had plagued most of the world. Since 1618‚ at least 23 million people have been
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DIVISION OF COMMERCE ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ARTS DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL STUDIES SEMESTER ONE: AUG – DEC 2012 Question: ‘When examining Guyana‚ Cuba and Venezuela what are the features that make the mixture of the Presidential and Prime Ministerial system so attractive to so many democracies?’ “A prime ministerial government system is a system in which executive power is concentrated in the prime minister’s hands through the suppression of collective cabinet government”
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Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Visayas State Unversity Visca‚ Babay City‚ Leyte Name: Millama‚ Engene O. Course & Year: BS Biotech-2 Lab Schedule: W (1-4) Group 5 Date Performed: Dec. 12‚ 2012 Date Submitted: Jan. 9‚ 2013 Separation of Photosynthetic Pigment by Paper Chromatography I. INTRODUCTION There are different types of components in plant pigments. The most important and abundant chemical pigment found in plants is chlorophyll
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