Everything you need to know about hydrocarbons INTRODUCTION: organic chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. The element carbon has a special role in chemistry because it bonds with other carbon atoms to give a vast array of molecules. The varity of molecules is so great that we find organic compounds in many common products we use‚ such as gasoline‚ medicines‚ shampoos‚ plastic bottles‚ and perfumes. The food we eat is composed of different
Premium Methane Carbon Hydrocarbon
OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION‚ AND IT‟S CHALLENGES. NUHU MOHAMMED Holder of an Advanced Diploma in Oil and Gas Process Operations City & Guilds UK. INSTITUTION: WINTECH PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE KWASHIEMAN. OIL AND GAS DEPARTMENT. OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND IT`S CHALLENGES Page 1 I PREFACE The material has been compiled from various online sources as well as other certified books and handouts and other related documents. I am thankful to my colleagues in the same institution for providing valuable input
Premium Petroleum Natural gas
unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits. It is a fossil fuel‚ meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals. Crude oils vary in color‚ from clear to tar-black‚ and in viscosity‚ from water to almost solid. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline‚ diesel and various forms of petrochemicals and as such‚ are a useful starting point for many different substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules
Premium Petroleum
Chapter 3 Petroleum Systems by Leslie B. Magoon and Edward A. Beaumont Leslie B. Magoon Leslie B. Magoon graduated from the University of Oregon in Eugene in 1966 with an M.S. degree in geology. Presently‚ he is a senior research geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey‚ Menlo Park‚ California. Prior to that he was with Shell Oil Company for 8 years as an exploration geologist. Over the last 32 years‚ he has been involved in petroleum geology with emphasis on geochemistry in the Rocky Mountain
Premium Petroleum geology Petroleum Cretaceous
industrial fractional distillation of crude oil. (i) Identify fraction A. (ii) What property of the fractions allows them to be separated in the column? (2) (b) A gas oil fraction from the distillation of crude oil contains hydrocarbons in the C15 to C19 range. These hydrocarbons can be cracked by strong heating. (i) Write the molecular formula for the alkane with 19 carbon atoms. (ii) Name the type of reaction involved in cracking. (iii) Write an equation for one possible cracking reaction of
Premium Petroleum Gasoline Internal combustion engine
source‚ rendering the contaminants harmless or less toxic products in most cases. This paper summarizes the general processes of bioremediation within the soil environment‚ focusing on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of soil conditions on rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbons is addressed. Further‚ limitations and potential of both ex situ and in situ bioremediation as viable alternatives to conventional remediation are explained and addressed. Many substances known to have
Premium Soil contamination Soil Bacteria
REFINING PETROLEUM The crude oil obtained from earth’s crust needs to be refined before using it. It is done by a method called fractional distillation which involves separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points. The refining is done by changing the liquid into its gaseous state and then cooling the gaseous mixture at controlled temperatures such that at a time only one of the vapours having boiling point I liquefies first. This is generally done by a special tower called
Premium Petroleum Gas Gasoline
surface‚ called crude oil or petroleum. Millions of years ago‚ crude oil was created from fossil fuels of dead animals and plants that sank into the ocean’s bottom underneath rocks‚ dirt‚ and dust. Over time‚ the seclusion of corpses caused heat and pressure to increase instigating the bodies to decompose; and due to lack of oxygen‚ the remains formed mixture of chemical organic compounds made of hydrogen and carbon molecules called Hydrocarbons. Petroleum consists of hydrocarbon chains each has its own
Premium Petroleum Natural gas Carbon dioxide
contamination. The contaminants that shall be inspected include petroleum hydrocarbons‚ heavy metals‚ acid mine drainage‚ pesticides‚ and vegetation stress as an indicator for soil contamination. We are reviewing all work done to assess these contaminations in soil either by spectroscopy or IS methods with a special emphasis on petroleum hydrocarbons contaminations. The traditional chemistry based determination process of measuring petroleum
Premium Soil contamination Spectroscopy Pollution
highest hydrocarbon utilization potentials were: Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger while stachyborys atra had the least hydrocarbon utilization potential. These hydrocarbon degraders are capable of utilizing oil polluted river and could therefore be employed in bioremediation process. *Corresponding Author: Institute of Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics‚ University of the Western Cape‚ South Africa KEYWORDS: oil–degrading potential‚ microorganism‚ polluted land‚ hydrocarbon degraders
Premium Petroleum Water