monoamines are a group of neurotransmitters which include serotonin‚ noradrenaline and dopamine. You will recognise the latter‚ dopamine‚ from the biological offering of an explanation for schizophrenia. The monoamines are believed to regulate mood. One of the functions of serotonin is to regulate the other neurotransmitters. Without the regulation provided by serotonin‚ erratic brain functioning and thinking patterns occur. Low levels of serotonin produces low levels of noradrenaline (a neurotransmitter
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thought to have a high affinity for serotonin receptors including the 5-HT2A‚ 5-HT2C‚ and 5-HT7 receptor subtypes as well as the α2-adrenoceptor [5][6]. Studies have been conflicting as to which receptors cyclobenzaprine specifically binds‚ but the result is an increase in norepinephrine and decrease in serotonin reuptake. In linking multiple studies‚ it could be hypothesized that cyclobenzaprine acts on the serotonin receptors antagonistically thus decreasing serotonin reuptake. It could also bind to
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Depression Outline the Clinical characteristics of depression (2 key characteristics plus 5 further symptoms) Depression is a low emotional mood‚ characterised a significant levels of sadness‚ lost of energy and self-worth‚ and feeling of guilt. The diagnosis of major depression requires the presence of at least 5 or more the following symptoms. Affective symptoms: sad‚ depressed mood‚ and feeling low Cognitive symptom: e.g. feeling of guilty about any mistakes‚ and thinking themselves as worthless
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created‚ sparking a psychiatric revolution. Antidepressants work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for controlling human emotions. Our bodies make serotonin naturally but some particles are lost on the neuron‚ which is called reuptake. Antidepressants block the reuptake by placing a protein wall on the neuron‚ enabling a greater consumption of serotonin in the brain (Greenburg Manufacturing). From their creation‚ antidepressants have given people
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unipolar depression. Genetic f actors‚ some individuals have a predisposition to depression‚ if it has afflicted other members of their family. They also believe that some individuals have a chemical imbalance with norepinephrine and serotonin. Norepinephrine and serotonin have been linked to unipolar depressions if an
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depression. They work by boosting levels of insufficient neurotransmitters such as serotonin and nor-adrenaline. They will either reduce the amount of re-absorption or block the enzyme that is trying to break down neurotransmitters. Allowing to increase the amount of neurotransmitter available ‚ so that neighbouring cells become excited. Tricyclics are used to block the transporter mechanism that re-absorbs both serotonin and nor-adrenaline into the pre-synaptic cell after it has fired. As a result
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Strategies for dealing with challenging behaviour: Given the position that Kerri is in I would suggest to her that she has counselling. This may be a challenge depending on how willing Kerri would like to open up and talk about her problems‚ it may be a struggle however if will be really beneficial for Kerri given her situation. I would like to delve into her lifestyle and she how much she values herself and what gives her the urges to consume alcohol and drugs. I would also like to try and build
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. Cognitive Perspective on the Cause of Depression Jasmine Elyse Fore Developing a Psychological Perspective Persuasive Paper Capella University June‚ 2013 Depression is a common mental health disorder‚ according to the Centers for Disease Control (2011) depression affects 1 in 10 Americans in the U.S. alone. Depression does not know race‚ ethnicity‚ age or gender. “The cognitive perspective on the cause of depression believes that depression can be caused by faulty thinking‚ low-self-esteem
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-hinders serotonin reuptake -longer alleles are less likely to have depression (Levinson) Hormones -cortisol -levels raise and fall rapidly; they remain under stress longer (Burke) -study of homeless children a correlation with high levels of cortisol and negative life events; their mothers were depressed; these children have more stress (Cutuli) -glucocorticoids -often a decrease of receptors in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe in suicides Neurotransmitters -serotonin -lack
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antidepressants‚ SSRIs‚ SSNRIs‚ or EC therapy). -also used in: panic disorder‚ social anxiety disorder -Action: inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase‚ resulting in accumulation of various neurotransmitters (dopamine‚ epinephrine‚ norepinephrine‚ and serotonin) in the body. -Therapeutic effects: improvement in mood for depressed patients -Contraindicated in: hypersensitivity‚ liver disease‚ severe renal disease‚ cardiovascular disease‚ uncontrolled hypertension‚ cerebrovascular disease‚ CHF‚ history
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