Therapeutics of Kidney Diseases Am J Nephrol 2002;22:284–289 Now and Then‚ the History of Parenteral Fluid Administration Noha Barsoum Charles Kleeman UCLA School of Medicine and West Los Angeles VA Medical Center‚ Los Angeles‚ Calif.‚ USA Key Words History of medicine W Intravenous fluids W Blood W Blood transfusion W Cholera W Bloodletting The Circulation Abstract The use of blood and intravenous fluid therapy is now considered routine therapy. The level of sophistication that we
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of urates. The CAM is the respiratory organ of the embryo and thus is richly supplied with blood vessels. The embryo is surrounded by the amniotic sac and lies bathed in about 1 ml of amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid‚ which contains much of the albumin in the egg‚ serves as a source of protein which is
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Tan Zhi Chen 0306521 Hypothesis 1) If a calculated absorbance level is directly related to the concentration of albumin‚ then a higher concentration of albumin will lead to higher absorbance level. Results Table No. | Albumin(cm3) | KCl (mL) | Biuret Reagent (mL) | Absorbance | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0.049 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.112 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0.258 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.39 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0.418 | 6 | 5
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Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) Nuclear Stress Test Synchronized Multi-gated Acquisition (SYMA) scan Dr. Myron Prinzmetal in 1948-- 1st attempt to use radiotracers to assess cardiac function First agent used 1964-99mTc human serum albumin 1970’s‚ in-vitro & in-vivo methods established Evaluates the Hearts Pumping Mechanism Most Accurate Non-Invasive Reproducible Performed in hospital or outpatient facility No down time Ejection Fraction (EF) Ejection fraction (%) = [ED (net) –
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1. Definitions: Omphalocele and gastroschisis represent two major congenital abdominal wall defects that are similar in presentation and appearance in the neonatal period‚ yet they have distinct differences that will affect treatments/outcomes. a. Omphalocele: an anterior abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord with herniation of abdominal contents through the umbilical ring. The herniated organs are covered by the peritoneal sac‚ amnion and Wharton’s jelly. With the large variation
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A Case Study in Type II Diabetes Charlotte D. McKamie Nursing Theory In Orem’s theory of self care‚ she presents the precept that the nurse’s role in helping the chronically ill patient is to assist them to achieve an optimal level of health and wellness‚ and to give them the tools they need to maintain it. Orem believed that the nurse should act as an advocate‚ redirector‚ support person‚ and teacher‚ and‚ thereby‚ guide the patient to therapeutic development. Her theory is of interest to me
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The Eatwell plate‚ originally designed by the Food Standards Agency‚ is the current food guide used within the UK to demonstrate the government’s dietary guidelines‚ using the visual representation of a plate to advise what constitutes a healthy balance diet (refer to figure 1). The plate is segmented into five food groups to assist in demonstrating the types of foods and the proportions which should be considered for a healthy balanced diet (Public Health England‚ 2014). Dietary Fats Dietary fats
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Shock Shock is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for oxygen and nutrients. The exchange of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to life. When a cell experiences a state of hypoperfusion‚ the demand for oxygen and nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level. Classification of Shock The four main categories of shock are * cardiogenic‚: *
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Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide‚ albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids‚ and the average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. Which of the following will be able to diffuse through the 200 MWCO membrane? Your answer : a. neither glucose nor albumin Stop & Think Questions: The reason sodium chloride didn’t diffuse left to right is that You correctly answered: c. the membrane pore size was too small. Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The
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is available (Burchum & Rosenthal‚ 2016). As with any anticoagulant‚ the most common adverse effect is bleeding‚ but compared with warfarin‚ the risk of major bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke is much lower (Burchum & Rosenthal‚ 2016). Patients with serum creatinine level greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL‚ the delayed excretion of apixaban can increase bleeding risk. Patients with renal impairment receive a prescription for apixaban tablets dosed at 2.5 mg twice daily (Burchum & Rosenthal‚ 2016). The
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