work to open this file) PREPARED BY IRFAN MIR ---- USMLE STEP 2 CK KICK THE BOARDS INTERNAL MED * Anion Gap = (Na+ - K+) + ( HCO3 - - Cl-) Normal Anion gap is 8 - 14. * Normal Serum Osmolality = 280 - 300. * 0.1 in pH 0.7 in serum K+ * Every 100 mg Inc of glucose over 200 cause 1.7 mEq drop in serum Na+. * BMI = wt in lbs / Height in foot.. * BMI > 25 is over wt . BMI > 27.5 is Obese. BMI > 40 is Obesity with Inc risk of health problems. * Palm is 1% of BSA. * Pulmonary Thromboembolism
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may be drawn once or twice weekly during the de-ironing phase until the level of iron in the body has dropped to normal. In many cases‚ it requires 2 or 3 years of periodic phlebotomy to reach the desired level. After the de-ironing phase‚ when the serum ferritin level has fallen into the normal range‚ the patient usually remains on a maintenance schedule of three to four phlebotomy sessions a year. Doctors check ferritin levels annually to monitor iron accumulation. For most people‚ this treatment
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Most easily available modality is by serum creatinine. It can be used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (15). The main problems associated with usage of serum creatinine in a setting of AKI are – (1) It does not reflect accurately the GFR who is an unstable‚ fluctuant state. In some patients with early AKI‚ serum creatinine can be even normal. When the serum creatinine is rising‚ estimates of GFR based on creatinine values will overestimate
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Title:Identification of Amino Acids and Proteins Introduction : Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH3)‚ a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ and nitrogen. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional way. A polypeptide is a single
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Lab Report #1 Introduction A cell’s plasma membrane is known to be selectively permeable. This implies that the membrane is selective on what substances can pass in and out of the cell. There are two methods of transport that occur through the plasma membrane. One method of transport is called active process which uses ATP energy to transport substances through the membrane. The other method is called passive process which does not require the use of ATP energy. During passive processes
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1. Introduction People still die from diabetic ketoacidosis. Poor patient education is probably the most important determinant of the incidence of the catastrophe that constitutes "DKA". In several series‚ only about a fifth of patients with DKA are first-time presenters with recently acquired Type I diabetes mellitus. The remainder are recognised diabetics who are either noncompliant with insulin therapy‚ or have serious underlying illess that precipitates DKA. Most such
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Reality of Vaccinations Making critical decisions can be brutally tormenting when it comes to one’s health. We as humans do not like to decide health issues for ourselves. We would rather have an expert‚ like a doctor‚ tell us what is best for one and what will go into one’s body whether it be medicines‚ foods‚ herbs‚ chemicals‚ or vaccinations. If one is a parent it is more difficult to make decisions for a loved one’s health than their own. No one intentionally wants their loved ones to suffer
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of Methods: To accomplish this objective‚ each pair of lab partners received an E. Coli lysate sample which we had to thaw by warming it with our hands and centrifuge it. We extracted a total of 12 samples with known concentrations of bovine serum albumin and 10 samples of different amounts of lysate put into them. Using the different assays explained later in this report‚ we could plot a standard curve with the different amount of BSA concentrations on the x-axis as the independent variable and
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Green * Ms. Brown * Simulated Anti-A Serum * Simulated Anti-B Serum * Simulated Anti-Rh Serum Procedure: List of steps that we followed to complete the experiment. Part A: 1. Label each of the four blood typing slides with the names: Mr. Smith; Mr. Jones; Mr. Green; and Ms. Brown 2. Place three drops of each person’s blood in each of the A‚ B‚ and Rh wells of every different slide. 3. Place three drops of the simulated anti-A serum in each A well on the four slides. 4. Place
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| | |4 |Total Protein |64- 73 | | |(g/L) | | |5 |Albumin |32-37 | | |(g/L) | | |6 |Bilirubin |0.2-0.8
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