Publichttp://pfr.sagepub.com/ Finance Review Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits? Daraius Irani Public Finance Review 1997 25: 238 DOI: 10.1177/109114219702500205 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/25/2/238 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Public Finance Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pfr
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Name: Class: Cost Accounting Date: 02.12.2012 Quiz 5 1) Absorption costing: A) expenses marketing costs as cost of goods sold B) treats direct manufacturing costs as a period cost C) includes fixed manufacturing overhead as an inventoriable cost D) is required for internal reports to managers 2) Variable costing: A) expenses administrative costs as cost of goods sold B) treats direct manufacturing costs as a product cost C) includes fixed manufacturing overhead as an inventoriable
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spoilage that should not occur under efficient operating conditions absorption costing all manufacturing costs are assigned to products: direct material‚ direct labour‚ variable and fixed manufacturing overhead acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of
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accommodations; use of a company vehicle; reimbursement for outside classes; child care * Most common forms of indirect compensation: paid vacation -two weeks per year -4 percent of an employee’s current annual earnings - roughly 6 percent of annual earnings 2. Deferred compensation includes travel expenses paid one month after the travel has taken place. (F) Deferred compensation is compensation received by an employee after the conclusion of his or her period of employment‚ most commonly known
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Biyani’s Think Tank Concept based notes Cost Accounting [ B.Com. Part-II] B.N. Gaur MBA‚ PGDBM‚ Lecturer Deptt. of Commerce & Management Biyani Girls College‚ Jaipur Fore more detail:- http://www.gurukpo.com Published by : Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges Concept & Copyright : ©Biyani Shikshan Samiti Sector-3‚ Vidhyadhar Nagar‚ Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan) Ph : 0141-2338371‚ 2338591-95 • Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail : acad@biyanicolleges.org Website :www.gurukpo.com; www
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Cost reduction Generally defined as the act of cutting costs to improve profitability. Cost reduction‚ should therefore‚ not be confused with cost saving and cost control. Cost saving could be a temporary affair and may be at the cost of quality. Cost reduction implies the retention of essential characteristics and quality of the product and thus it must be confined to permanent and genuine savings in the costs of manufacture‚ administration‚ distribution and selling‚ brought about by elimination
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CHAPTER 22 The Costs of Production Topic Question numbers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Costs: explicit and implicit 1-9 2. Profits 10-23 3. Short run versus long run 24-31 4. Law of diminishing returns 32-55 5. Short-run costs 56-157 6. Long-run costs 158-193 Last Word 194-196 True-False 197-210 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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