PRINCIPLES OF COST CONTROL 1.1 Introduction Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However‚
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done above is a “full-cost” analysis. This is in contrast to a “direct-cost” analysis that ignores overhead costs. Is full cost the right metric for job profitability and customer profitability? What assumptions are we making about the variability of overhead costs when we do a “full-cost” analysis? By allocating the overhead costs to jobs and customers there is an implicit assumption that these are variable with the cost driver. In reality‚ some of the overhead costs are fixed‚ at least in the short
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A SHORT HISTORY OF THE COST PER DEFECT METRIC Version 1.1. May 5‚ 2009 Abstract The oldest metric for software quality economic study is that of “cost per defect.” While there may be earlier uses‚ the metric was certainly used within IBM by the late 1960’s for software; and probably as early as 1950’s for hardware. As commonly calculated the cost-per-defect metric measures the hours associated with defect repairs and the numbers of defects repaired and then multiplies the results
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The average variable cost (AVC) in the short run and long run is ‘U’ shaped. Average variable cost is the total variable cost per unit of output‚ found by dividing total variable cost by the quantity of output. Thus if a firm produces X2 units of a commodity at a total variable cost of TVx2 the AVC of producing these two units of output is given as Average variable cost decreases with additional production at relatively small quantities of output and then eventually increases with relatively
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To: Patrick Oray Company: Plastic Composites Inc. From: Jane Doe Date: March 1‚ 2012 RE: Allocation Options for Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Costs Dear Mr. Oray‚ After researching the different methods allowed for you to use in allocating the fixed manufacturing costs to the work in process and finished goods I have come to the conclusion that normal capacity is the best method for your business. First I will define theoretical‚ practical and normal capacity and then I will explain to
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Nike Inc.: Cost of Capital The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the overall required rate of return on a firm as a whole. It is important to calculate a firm’s cost of capital in order to determine the feasibility of a particular investment for a firm. I do not agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation. She calculated value of equity‚ value of debt‚ cost of equity‚ and cost of debt all incorrectly. For value of equity‚ Joanna simply used the number stated on the balance sheet instead
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TYPES OF COSTS Introduction :-Production is the result of services rendered by various factors of production.The producer or firm has to make payments for this factor services. From the point of view of the factor inputs it is called ‘factor income’ while for the firm it is ‘factor payment’‚ or cost of inputs.Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurredin the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expensesincurred on the production
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1. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used to determine the average cost of financing a company. Companies are funded using both debt and equity and both require varying rates of return. WACC allows you to put a “weight” on the different types of financing and their differing rates to get a total cost of capital. Team 12 does not agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation because we feel she took some liberties in her numbers‚ the most notable being that of equity. Ms. Cohen used book
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Running head: VARIABLE COSTS Variable Costs ACC/561 June 12‚ 2012 Variable Costs Any cost which is not fixed and will change in same amount when there is change in production volume is accounted as variable costs. This also means that they change in total rather than per unit whenever there is production or activity change. In production- labor‚ material or overhead could be the variable costs involved in the business. In Fitness center‚ there are different variable costs involved and each
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Nike‚ Inc Cost of Capital NorthPoint Large Cap Fund was considering whether to buy Nike’s stock or not. Nike was experiencing declines in sales growth‚ declines in profits and market share. However‚ Nike decided it would increase exposure in mid-price footwear and apparel lines‚ and it also commits to cut down expenses. The market responded with mixed signals to Nike’s changes. Kimi Ford‚ the portfolio manager at NorthPoint‚ did a cash flow estimation‚ and ask her assistant‚ Joanna Cohen to estimate
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