Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: using Waste Cooking Oil as feedstock and Candida Antarctica Lipase B as Biocatalyst. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTON The high cost of bio-diesel‚ compared to petroleum-based diesel‚ is a major barrier to its commercialization. It has been reported that 60-90% of bio-diesel cost arises from the cost of the feedstock oil (C.C. Lai et al.‚ 2005). Studies showed the potential of waste-cooking oil (WCO) as a material for biodiesel production
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Just In Time system (JIT) was developed at the Toyota Motor company in Japan in the mid- 1970s by Taiichi Ohno and several of his associates. The roots of JIT system can be traced to the Japanese environment wherein lack of space and lack of natural resources necessitated efficiencies in processes and the use of limited natural resources. Thus the Japanese have developed an aversion to waste of any type‚ whatever it may be. Scrap and rework were also considered waste and thus they strive for perfect
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management philosophy and practices. The TPS organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer‚ including interaction with suppliers and customers. The system is a major precursor of the more generic "lean manufacturing." Taiichi Ohno‚ Shigeo Shingo and Eiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948 and 1975. Originally called "just-in-time production‚" it builds on the approach created by the founder of Toyota‚ Sakichi Toyoda‚ his son Kiichiro Toyoda‚ and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. This
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Abstract In 1918‚ the world experienced its most deadly modern pandemic‚ the H1N1 influenza virus named the Spanish Flu. Killing between 20 and 40 million people worldwide‚ the pandemic has not since been repeated on such a large scale. This paper provides a background of the 1918 virus and its effects followed by an examination of the danger represented by the H5N1 Avian Flu virus of 1997. Finally‚ it discusses the potential international economic impact of a modern pandemic like the Spanish Flu
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Supply chain management in Toyota Motor Corporation Supply-chain management at Toyota is an element of company’s operations strategy which is thoroughly based on the Toyota Production System (TPS). It was developed in the 1940’s by Shigeo Shingo and Taiichi Ohno. As Toyota’s success gained world-wide coverage‚ at was followed by interest by other companies in TPS‚ the principles of which is expressed by the term of “lean manufacturing” Liker (2005‚ p.16) lists following components of Toyota Supplier
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INTRODUCTION Moderator enters first........... Good morning ladies and gentlemen‚ I’m Michito Fukuda we are about to see a panel discussion about the positive and negative effects of technology on students in this episode of "What is your say?" here in TV 2! Moderator: So! Without further adieu‚ I now present to you our speakers or should I say panellists for this special day. As for the first speaker‚ He’s a 4th yr high school student that currently studies at Harvard High school as an honour
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contributions to the field of power electronics in 2000‚ the Maharashtra State National Award of the ISTE in recognition of his outstanding research work in the area of power quality in 2006‚ and the PES Delhi Chapter Outstanding Engineer Award for 2006. Shigeo Morimoto (M’93) was born in Japan in 1959. He received the B.E.‚ M.E.‚ and Ph.D. degrees from Osaka Prefecture University‚ Sakai‚ Japan‚ in 1982‚ 1984‚ and 1990‚ respectively. He joined Mitsubishi Electric
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The technique was first used by the Ford Motor Company as described explicitly by Henry Ford’s My Life and Work (1923): "We have found in buying materials that it is not worthwhile to buy for other than immediate needs. We buy only enough to fit into the plan of production‚ taking into consideration the state of transportation at the time. If transportation were perfect and an even flow of materials could be assured‚ it would not be necessary to carry any stock whatsoever. The carloads of raw materials
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Sleep Paralysis I’m lying on the bed. If you come in now‚ you’ll think I’m sleeping. But I see you. Even though my eyelids seem closed‚ they swirl slightly. They are the only parts of me that I can move. I am fully aware of it‚ but I cannot tell you: my body is completely frozen. All are paralyzed during sleep (REM)‚ sleep stage where sleep occurs. If we were not paralyzed‚ we would realize our dreams by endangering ourselves and our sleeping companions. But sometimes‚ especially when sleep patterns
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Thermochromism Thermochromism refers to the phenomenon of color changes by the agency of heat. Obviously‚ the color changes are made possible by the temperature-induced chemical or physical changes of materials incorporated into the inks. Sometimes‚ the color change occurring at a temperature is permanent‚ and at other times the original color can be regained on cooling. Accordingly‚ we have an irreversible or reversible thermochromic system. The required chemistry can be adopted based
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