MODULE II Capital structure-theories of capital structure – MM model‚ incentive issues and agency cost; financial signaling; Capitalization-under capitalization –over capitalization-capital gearing Leverage – operating leverage-financial leverage Cost –volume- profit analysis PREPARED BY MRS. REKHA VENUGOPAL Capital structure In order to run and manage a company funds are needed. Right from the promotional stage
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concern needs finance to meet all the requirements. Hence finance may be called as capital‚ investment‚ fund etc.‚ but each term is having different meanings and unique characters. Increasing the profit is the main aim of any kind of economic activity. MEANING OF FINANCE Finance may be defined as the art and science of managing money. It includes financial service and financial instruments. Finance also is referred as the provision of money at the time when it is needed. Finance function is the
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Chapter 3 Analysis of Financial Statements LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why ratio analysis is usually the first step in the analysis of a company’s financial statements. • List the five groups of ratios‚ specify which ratios belong in each group‚ and explain what information each group gives us about the firm’s financial position. • State what trend analysis is‚ and why it is important. • Describe how
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Mini-case: Swatch revolutionises watch manufacture In the early 1980s‚ the Swiss watch industry was nearly dead. Competition from cheap‚ but often high-quality‚ products from Far Eastern manufacturers‚ such as Seiko and Casio‚ had almost obliterated the traditional Swiss industry. Trying to protect their investments‚ the Swiss banks organised a merger of the two largest companies on the advice of Nicolas Hayek‚ now boss of Swatch’s parent company SMH‚ which was formed from the merger. Hayek
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR NON-FINANCE MANAGERS Questions Exercise 1: This exercise is intended to make sure that we are all familiar with terms used debt financing. (10 points) (10) Fill the blanks by choosing the appropriate term from the following list: lease‚ funded‚ floating-rate‚ Eurobond‚ convertible‚ subordinated‚ call‚ sinking fund‚ prime rate‚ private placement‚ global bond‚ public issue‚ senior‚ unfunded‚ Eurodollar rate‚ warrant‚ debentures‚ term loan. a. Debt maturing in
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of the First World War. The causes are much more complex than those of the Second World War and include short‚ intermediate and long term factors that all ended to cause the July Days in 1914. These factors include militarism‚ nationalism‚ imperialism‚ the alliance system‚ and industrialization as the long term causes. The intermediate causes included the crises in the Balkans and the short-term trigger for the war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Sarajevo‚ the heir to
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Financial Management Summary Financial management is referred to as the science of money management. The management of funds is a critical aspect of financial management. Financial management is simply concerned with managing an entity’s money. It is also about the management of the finances of a firm in order to achieve financial objectives. In the business world this would mean monitoring expected inflows and outflows of fund while observing their effect on the managerial objectives. Procurement
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Chapter-1 Introduction : Finance is regarded as the life blood of a business enterprise. Finance is one of the basic foundation of all kinds of economic activities. It is the master key which provides access to all the sources for being employed in manufacturing and trading activities. Efficient management of every business enterprise is closely linked with efficient management of finance. In general‚ finance may be defined as the provision of money at the time it is needed.
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Defining Financial Terms FIN 370 Teresa Sieck December 10‚ 2012 Timothy Gould * Finance is the study of how people and businesses evaluate investments and raise capital to fund them and allocate money over time (Titman‚ Martin‚ & Keown‚ 2011). Finance is the life blood of any organization; any organization cannot run without finance. There are three functions that characterize financial activities that managers use – making investment decisions with budgeting and making capital –
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SECTION A PART ONE: ANSWERS ONLY. 1.a)ignored non-corporate enterprise 2.c)redeemable preference shares 3.a)political risk 4.a)future cost 5.c)designing optimal corporate capital structure 6.b)firms point 7.d)agency cost 8.a)legal requirement 9.b)default risk 10.a)beta PART TWO: 1. . Annuity is fixed sum of money paid every year in at any other fixed interval shorter than a year. This annuity may be by way of return of some principal plus interest payment
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