CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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differences between cancer cells and normal cell. Some of the differences are well known ‚where as others have only been recently discovered and are less well understood.You may be interested in how cancer cells are different as you are coping with your own cancer or of a loved one. For many researchers understanding how does cancer cells function differently from normal cells foundation for developing treatments designed to rid the body of cancer cells without damaging normal cells. First‚ when it comes
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do normal red and white blood cells differ? (2 Marks) White blood cells have a nucleus‚ red blood cells do not‚ white blood cells protect while red blood cells transport‚ and red blood cells have a longer life span than white blood cells. 3. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be most common in a normal blood smear? (2 Marks) In a normal blood smear‚ one would expect to find more neutrophil cells. 4. A differential count of white blood cells from a patient gave the absolute
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Cell Cycle Describe how major events of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be passed on to two daughter cells. List the phases of cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase. There are two main stages of the cell cycle‚ with multiple subdivisions within each. Interphase is the first stage‚ and it’s composed of G1 (contents of the cell are duplicated sans the chromosomes)‚ S (chromosomal duplication)‚ and G2 (checkpoints) phase. After interphase‚
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Bacterial cells are Prokaryotic cells. These cells have several internal structures and surface structures. The cell walls are of two types‚ gram positive and gram negative. Out of all the structures‚ the two selected structures are the cell- wall and endospores. The cell- wall of bacterial cells is found in three distinct shapes such as spherical‚ spiral and rod shaped. The cell wall of the bacterial cells is composed of the proteins and polysaccharides. This is collectively called peptidoglycan
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characteristics of a healthy cell and a cancer cell is very different. Healthy cells stop reproducing when there are enough cells‚ however‚ cancer cells continue to reproduce. Due to this continued growth a tumor‚ which is a cluster of cancer cells‚ is formed. Cancer cells do not interact with other cells like the healthy cells. Healthy cells stop growing when they hear signals from the nearby cells‚ in contrast‚ cancer cells do not respond to these signals. When healthy cells get old or damaged they
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a) Using a human cell of your choice‚ describe how organelles work together to make and secrete a protein (LO1. AC 1.1) An epithelial cell in the thyroid gland‚ called a thyrocyte forms spherical follicles that produce a protein called thyroglobulin. This is a globular protein that has a functional role in metabolism. The protein is used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones; thyroxine (T4) is an example of one of the hormones created. Thyroxine is formed by iodine binding to tyrosine
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though a cell is the basic unit of an organism it can be pretty complex inside of one. So why don’t we try and make it a little simpler by comparing it to something we’re all more comfortable with? Take Disneyland for example! Everyone is familiar with Disneyland and how it works. Let’s see just how similar these two can be. First‚ would be the entrance gate. The entrance gate could be our cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that fills a cell and inside is all the other cell organelles
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The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes‚ called lymphocytes. There are two main types of lymphocytes‚ B cells and T cells‚ which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response‚ whereas B cells are involved in the humoral immune response. The surface of each lymphatic cell has receptors that enable them to recognize foreign substances. There are two major subtypes of T cells: the helper T cell and
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Cells do everything from providing structure and stability to providing energy and a means of reproduction for an organism. There are many professions that have jobs like the organelles in a cell. One example is a Prison. A prison is a clear representation of a cell because all the organelles have a function that is tantamount to a prison. Also it is logical because each function have a function that relates to the jobs found in a prison. The Nucleus in a cell controls everything in the cell
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