The independent state of Italy emerged from a long nationalist struggle for unification that started with the revolution of 1848. The southern kingdoms of Sardinia and Sicily joined in 1866 and by 1914 only the Vatican and San Marino retained independence within Italy. However‚ a large Italian population remained within Austria-Hungary in the Trentino and Trieste regions. By 1911 Italy had a population of 34.7 million. Although primarily an agricultural economy‚ there was considerable industry in
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James Longstreet was raised to be in the military. After attending the U.S. Military Academy‚ he started his long career in the army where his rank was frequently promoted. He fought with the confederates during the Civil War and served as General Lee’s right hand man. During the Civil War Longstreet became well known for his often successful defensive strategies. Throughout his life he experienced both success and defeat‚ but whenever he was given an obstacle he always had a strategy to get around
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Nobles and the military leaders of the era were also at odds with the new gunpowder weaponry. As gunpowder weaponry continued to develop it eventually progressed to the point of being very effective‚ and nobles‚ the knightly class‚ began to recognize that firearms represented a threat to their dominance. Unlike traditional medieval warfare which respected social status‚ “...gunpowder weapons had no such respect for class‚ and nobles risked death as much from gunshot as did non-noble soldiers”. Nobles
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Crac des Chevaliers ________________________________________ Crac des Chevaliers is the most famous medieval citadel in the world‚ (Qal’at Al-Hosn in Arabic) is sixty five kilometers west of Homs and seventy five kilometers south-east of Tartus‚ Syria. Controlling the “Homs Gap” was the main reason Crac des Chevaliers was built‚ because it was the gateway to Syria. Syria communicated with the Mediterranean through this passage. The site was first settled in the 11th century by the Kurds; as a result
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barricades. As the battle raged on‚ Christian leader La Valette constantly sent requests for reinforcements‚ supplies‚ or any aid available to help defend St. Elmo from the Muslims. The siege of Malta finally broke in 1565 when the Christians pushed back the Muslims and successfully defended Malta from Muslim control. The siege that lasted for three months led to at least 7000 dead for the Christians‚ compared to almost 20‚000 dead Muslims. While these numbers may seem tactically in favor of the Christians
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would force Grant to invest in Vicksburg in a siege. Many civilians would have to live in caves they made to withstand the bombardment‚ and Vicksburg’s garrison is struggling. They would also dig tunnels to place explosives under the city‚ one of which contained 2‚200 pounds of black powder and would cause devastating damage. It would create a 12 foot crater in which they would fight for 20 hours‚ but the union still are unable to advance so the siege would continue. On July 3rd‚ Grant and Pemberton
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casualties that resulted from the attack. Even Cromwell’s account over-estimates the numbers killed. If the New Model Army did wipe out the civilian population during the siege the town would not have recovered to sustain a population of 3000 by 1659. Nevertheless‚ the use of brutal tactics was certainly an occurrence during the siege. Cromwell wrote to William Lenthall on September 17th 1649. In this letter Cromwell informed Lenthall that there were approximately one hundred casualties when the steeple
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The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) was the planned pilgrimage of the crusaders - with their leader‚ Boniface of Montferrat - to retake the Holy Land of Jerusalem from Muslim control. Even before their journey began‚ however‚ trouble was brewing. The Venetians - alongside their Doge‚ Enrico Dandolo of Venice - had agreed to give the crusaders about 500 ships in exchange for a specified payment of silver marks. Unfortunately‚ the pilgrims did not have enough money to pay Venice‚ and had to repay their
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On the North’s side of the Civil war‚ there were many Generals who helped defeat the Confederate States‚ but Ulysses S. Grant may have been the most important general. Without his knowledge and skill‚ the North most likely wouldn’t have won the war. Before Grant was a general in the Civil War‚ he worked on his family’s farm as a teen. At age 17‚ he entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point‚ New York. He graduates from West Point in 1843‚ at age 21. Here is where he learned his skills and knowledge
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Key events of World War 2 WW2 started September 1‚ 1939 and ended September 2‚ 1945 Leaders of the Allies were Joseph Stalin‚ Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill Leaders of the Axis were Adolf Hitler‚ Emperor Hirohito and Benito Mussolini 1 September 1939 - Hitler invades Poland 3 September - Britain and France declare war on Germany September 5‚ 1939 - United States proclaims its neutrality September 10‚ 1939 - Canada declares war on Germany November 1939 - The Winter war begins
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