immobilization; it can be achieved by direct attachment with the enzyme and the material through the covalent linkage [37]. The covalent linkage is strong and stable and the support material of enzymes includes polyacrylamide‚ porous glass‚ agarose and porous silica [38]. Covalent method of immobilization is mainly used when a reaction process does not require enzyme in the product‚ this is the criteria to choose covalent immobilization method. This covalent binding of the enzyme with the support material involves
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3 - basement 3 - Basement 1 Quick Revision 1.1 Problems arising from basement construction a. Excavation method. b. Surface and ground water control c. Lateral stability of basement excavation. d. Stability of adjoining building. 1.2 Ground water control - dewatering a. Open Sump Pumping b. Wellpoint System. c. Shallow-Bored Well System d. Deep-Bored Well System 1.3 Basement Excavation a. Open excavation b. Sheet pile cofferdam
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Investigation of carbonation profiles of a 60 years old carbonated concrete specimens subjected to re-alkalization M.O. Mohsen1‚* 1 College of Engineering‚ Qatar University‚ P.O. Box 2713‚ Doha‚ Qatar Re-alkalization method is an electrochemical treatment which is commonly used to repair carbonated concrete elements. This method prevents further reinforcement corrosion by increasing the PH of the element which results in maintaining the reinforcement passivation. In this paper‚ the re-alkalization
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Admixtures. It would damage the concrete or occur some reduction in compressive strength. Question 2 (a) -Different burning temperature -Different fineness of grinding -Add the cement powder with other materials‚ i.e. calcium chloride‚ flyash or silica fume‚ to produce special cements. (b) A reaction generates considerable amount of heat and cause the cement stiffen within a few minutes after mixing with water. * Can be overcome by adding water‚ but low overall strength and quality of
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contrast‚ creams and gels have higher viscosity. Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands or brush‚ a clean cloth‚ cotton wool or gauze. Many lotions‚ especially hand lotions and body lotions are formulated to smooth‚ re-hydrate‚ and soften the skin. Most lotions are oil-in-water emulsions using a substance such as cetearyl alcohol to keep the emulsion together‚ but water-in-oil lotions are also formulated. The key components of a skin care lotion‚ cream or gel emulsion (that is mixtures
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Experiment 9 Thin Layer Chromatography Experiment: 9 Title: Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction: Chemical analysis is conducted on specific analytes (specific substance of interest in a mixture)‚ however it is often found that these analytes must be separated for the chemical analysis to conduct their analysis. Chromatography is a set up of laboratory a technique that is used to separate a chemical mixture. This technique is very useful as it allows us to follow the course of
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Chromatography is a technique for identifying substances using a mobile phase (developing solvent) that draws up through a stationary phase (TLC plate) and marks spots of differing distances for differing substances. (1) The TLC plate used was a silica gel stationary phase with plastic backing. It is very important to carefully handle the plate as it is very delicate and prone to flaking off‚ giving inaccurate readings. It is a very simple and effective method to convey this experiment but there
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EXTRACTION OF XANTHONE IN GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. (MANGOSTEEN) FOR TOOTHPASTE BY : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY SCIENCE) CHAPTER 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2.1 Introduction Mangosteen is the common name for Garcinia mangostana L. (GML). The fruit is dark purple or reddish in colour‚ with white‚ soft‚ and juicy edible pulp. The fruit taste is sweet with a slightly acid and also have a pleasant aroma. Nowadays‚ there were a lot of studies and researches about the extraction
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1. Introduction Plumbago zeylanica L. belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae is an important plant of medicinal value. In the Arabian Peninsula‚ it is mainly distributed over Oman‚ Yemen and the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. The use of the roots of P. zeylanica for treating skin problems has been recorded by early Muslim physicians. P. zeylanica is greatly valued in Ayurveda for treatment of cough‚ asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. In Sushrutha Samhitha it has been described as antiseptic
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Benzil Reduction Introduction The objective of the experiment was to reduce Benzil‚ using sodium borohyride as the reducing agent. In a benzil reduction‚ there are five possible products than can occur‚ specifically a racemic mixture of benzoin‚ racemic mixture of hydrobenzoin‚ or meso-hydrobenzoin. Therefore‚ three different tests were conducted in determining the identity of the product: melting point‚ thin light chromatography‚ and infrared spectroscopy. (a) Mechanism and reaction equation
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