rings (crystal growth in gel medium) on elements of ferromagnetic‚ diamagnetic and paramagnetic nature like Cobalt‚ Nickel‚ Copper and Manganese in their chloride compounds when performed in an agar medium? Lokesh Chandnani Candidate Number – 049369 – 0003 Supervisor: Mr. Jaydip Chaudhuri The Aga Khan Academy‚ Hyderabad Session: May 2015 Word Count: 3798 1. Abstract Liesegang rings phenomena is a special type of formation that occurs in gels. Crystal growth in gels and helical patterns are
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Abstract – The synthesis of 4-hydroxy-4‚4-diphenylbutn-2-one was a three week multi-step project. The steps involved protecting the ketone of ethyl acetoacetate with a ketal group‚ followed by preparation and reaction with Grignard‚ then purification by extraction and recrystallization. The yield was 78.5%‚ but there are impurities present suggested by 1H-NMR‚ IR‚ and TLC. However‚ the results do indicate the desired hydroxyketone was formed. Introduction: The purpose of this multi-step lab
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Protein purification From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate a single type of protein from a complex mixture. Protein purification is vital for the characterization of the function‚ structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The starting material is usually a biological tissue or a microbial culture. The various steps in the purification process may free the protein from a matrix that confines
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minerals‚ herbs or other botanicals‚ amino acids‚ and substances such as enzymes‚ organ tissues‚ glandular‚ and metabolites. Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates‚ and may be found in many forms such as tablets‚ capsules‚ soft gels‚ gel caps‚ liquids‚ or powders. They can also be in other forms‚ such as a bar‚ but if they are‚ information on their label must not represent the product as a conventional food or a sole item of a meal or diet. Whatever their form may be‚ DSHEA places
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Theory What is rust? Rust is the common name of a compound‚ iron oxide. Iron oxide‚ the chemical Fe2O3‚ is common because iron combines very readily with oxygen -- so readily‚ in fact‚ that pure iron is only rarely found in nature. Iron (or steel) rusting is an example of corrosion -- an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons)‚ an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons)
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were maintained at 57° C‚ 180° C and 50° C‚ resp. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids and alcohols were determined by a second GC thereof model‚ which was equipped with a flame ionization detector and a 10 mx 0.53 mm Hewlett Packard FFAP fused silica capillary column‚ according to the procedure described by Yu and Fang (2000) procedures. The glucose concentration was measured by the phenol- sulfuric acid acid method (Herbert et al. 1971). The volatile suspended solids (VSS) were measured according
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paints‚ plastics‚ detergents‚ textiles and pesticides. The dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene can be accomplished by pyrolysis of the cyclic secondary alcohol with an acid catalyst at a moderate temperature or by distillation over alumina or silica gel. We will be performing catalysis by phosphoric acid. The mixture of cyclohexanol with phosphoric acid is heated in a flask equipped with a fractionating column‚ forming water. Further heating promotes the distillation of water and cyclohexene by
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content of tofu samples from 84.20% to 85.65%. (Wang et al‚ 1983) The difference value of this moisture content may be caused of the error during the experiment such as the balance that been used is not accurate as well as possible or maybe the silica gel in the desiccators are already oxidized. So‚ the accurate value cannot be obtained. To obtain an accurate measurement of the moisture content or total solids of food using evaporation methods‚ it is necessary to remove all of the water molecules
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Introduction Metamorphism is defined as the mineralogical‚ chemical and structural adjustments in solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions which have been imposed due to changes in pressure and temperature or both. Metamorphism occurs below the surface zones of weathering and cementation. Conditions of metamorphism differ from the conditions under which the rocks in question were originally formed. Metamorphism produced as a result of the progressive increase in temperature and pressure‚
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Nutritional requirements The composition of medium for the tissue culture is the most important key factor in the successful culture of plant cells. The medium should be accurately defined of inorganic and organic chemical additives so as to provide i) the nutrients for the survival of the plant cells‚ tissues and organs under culture and ii) the optimal physical condition of pH‚ osmotic pressure‚ etc. In the culture of plant cells formulating optimum type of medium favorable for in vitro
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