microelectronic fabrication •Dominant material: Silicon •Technology size •MOSFET fabrication •Safety Dominant material: Silicon Obtaining ultrapure Si (other technology) Robert F. Pierret‚ Semiconductor Device Fundamentals‚ p.17 Single-crystal formation • Bridgmann method • Czochralski method USNA (lecture notes)‚ http://www.usna.edu/EE/ee452/LectureNotes/05-Processing_Technology/15‚ 10/03/04 Dominant material: Silicon Advantages of Si in fabrication • Easily
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1. Describe the basic features of electricity at a fundamental level. Ans: Electricity is the movement of electrons. As long as electrons in an atom are balance and revolve precisely in orbit around their sun or atom nucleus there is no electron flow or electric current in a wire. These atoms are the smallest particle into which an element can be divided without losing its property. A single atom consists of three basic components: a Proton‚ a Neutron and an Electron. An atom is similar to a small
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1.INTRODUCTION EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task‚ rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real time performance constraints that must be met‚ for reason such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements‚ allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. An embedded system is not always a separate block - very often it is physically
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be strongly affected by exposure to certain substances (see below). Corrosion can be concentrated locally to form a pit or crack‚ or it can extend across a wide area more or less uniformly corroding the surface. Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process‚ it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result‚ methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface‚ such as passivation and chromate-conversion‚ can increase a material ’s corrosion resistance. However‚ some corrosion mechanisms are less
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Electronics Engineering during the academic year 2010-2011. Head of the Department Date: Place: Mookkannoor ABSTRACT The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s‚ HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead
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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION SEMESTER I‚ 2005/2006 SESSION KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING Programme Time Duration : ENGINEERING : 2:30 pm - 5:30 pm : 3 Hrs Section(s) : 3 Level of Study Date : UG 1 : 24/10/2005 Course Code : ECE 1312 Course Title : Electronics This Question Paper Consists of Eight (8) Printed Pages (Including Cover Page) With Six (6) Questions. INSTRUCTION(S) TO CANDIDATES DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO • • • Total marks
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad Applied Physics Lab Project Report [ BRIDGE RECTIFIER] Group Members MIRZA UMAIR SAFDAR EE-123076 HAMZA BIN TARIQ EE-123086 Section PHY 7 Submitted To Ma’am Javeriah Iftikhar Abbasi Physics lab project Introduction: In this project we have created a device which takes input of 220 volts of ALTERNATING SOURCE and it gives us out put of 5 volts of DIRECT CURRENT for this purpose we have used various electronic components as
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7. Tuning Let us examine each of these applications with some considerable detail. RECTIFICATION: The process of converting AC into DC is called rectification. Diodes can be used as half wave rectifiers and full wave rectifiers. Half Wave Rectifier: Circuit Diagram: . In the Half wave rectifier circuit shown above the transformer serves two purposes. 1. It can be used to obtain the desired level of dc voltage (using step up or step down transformers). 2. It provides isolation from the
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I. Diode and Diode Application 1. Diodes 2. Rectification 3. Power supply filter 4. Applications of diodes ← Signal rectifier ← Diode gate ← Diode clamps ← Limiter Diodes Some elements are linear (resistors‚ capacitors‚ inductors)‚ which means that doubling the applied signal (let us say a voltage) produces a doubling of the response (let us say a current). They are also passive – they do not have built-in source of power. They are two-terminal devices‚ (which
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PH 414- PHOTOVOLATICS THE FEASIBILTY STUDY OF A STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM FOR KORO HIGH SCHOOL Declaration of Originality I‚ Arvind Kumar would like to declare that the content of this project is of my own. Information is sort from research papers‚ journals‚ and internet and library collections. ------------------------------ Arvind Kumar Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all my colleagues and my course coordinator
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