on results | Constant: Volume of urine and silver nitrate solution | cm3 | Use 2cm3 of urine for each sample and 10cm3 of silver nitrate solution for every trial. | If different volumes of urine sample and silver nitrate solution are used‚ the concentration of the mixture will be different and this will affect the end result of the experiment. | Concentration of potassium thiocyanate and silver nitrate | M | 0.1 M of potassium thiocyanate and silver nitrate are used. | A higher concentration
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the content of chloride in an unknown salt‚ using gravimetric analysis. Theory: The salt chloride content is easy to find because it is slightly soluble‚ making it possible to turn it into a precipitate. A precipitate reaction can be done using silver to isolate the specific ion. Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) --> AgCl(s) Despite AgCl(s) being highly insoluble‚ some of the substance will still dissolve. This dissolved portion can be calculated. AgCl(s) => Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
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the basic concepts of silver halide photography. It will not delve into the physics of optics‚ the functioning of cameras and lenses‚ photographic techniques‚ non-silver processes‚ or the artistic aspects of photography. Nor will it go beyond a cursory mention of color photographic processes‚ which will be left for the future. Anyone interested in more detail is referred to the selected bibliographic material cited at the end. A Brief History of Black and White Silver Halide Photography
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FILM STRUCTURE FILM STRUCTURE What is motion picture film? The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) describes it as “a thick flexible strip of plastic‚ complying with a dimensional standard as defined within‚ whose use is specific to the process of manufacturing a motion picture.” That definition leads to about a dozen pages of further definitions about various aspects of motion picture film. For our purposes‚ let’s take a look at how film is made‚ and how an image is formed on that film. THE
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Acetone is a good solvent for Sn2 reactions because it is a polar aprotic solvent. We will be examining Sn2 reactions with an ethanolic solution of silver nitrate. The silver ion coordinates with a lone pair on the halogen which begins to weaken the carbon-halogen bond. In the rate determining step‚ the carbocation and solid silver halide is formed. We will monitor the reaction by looking for the formation of the solid. R X Ag+ R X Ag R+ + AgX Procedure: Sn2 Assemble
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called dissociation constants. Example: Calculate the concentration of silver ions in a solution that is 0.010 M in [Ag(NH3)2]+. – Kd = 6.3 x 10-8 Co(NH3 )2 Cl2 Pt(NH3 )+2 2 4 1 8/14/2013 Complex Ion Equilibria [Ag ][NH ] = 6.3×10 = [Ag(NH ) ] 2 + Kd Complex Ion Equilibria −8 3 + 3 2 (x)(2x)2 Kd = (0.010 − x) • How many moles of ammonia must be added to 2.00 L of water so that it will just dissolve 0.010 mole of silver chloride‚ AgCl? = 6.3 ×10−8 – What is the stoichiometric amount of
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Sample Analysis. Precipitates and Complexes of Silver Ion Data for Determining Formulas Solutions containing NH3‚ CO32–‚ Cl–‚ I–‚ PO43–‚ and S2O32– ions were added to equal proportions of a silver nitrate solution‚ which contained the complex ion Ag(H2O)2+. All of the added solutions were also clear and colorless. |AgNO3 (aq) by itself |Colorless solution | |AgNO3 (aq) with NH3 (aq)
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had been counting days very eagerly for the day for the results of the State level Science talent search examination organised by unified council would be announced. I prepared well for this exam aimed for winning first prize & to bring a medal and good name to my school. At last the most awaiting day arrived‚ I received an invitation from unified council to come to Hari Hara Kala Bhavan for award function . We moved towards Hari Hara Kala Bhavan where the award ceremony was organised
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Abstract The chloride present in an unknown soluble sample was precipitated into silver chloride through precipitation gravimetry. The colloidal silver chloride originally formed was converted to a crystalline solid by controlling certain parameters of the experiment such as temperature‚ pH of the solution‚ and concentration of AgNO3. Once the solid was large enough‚ it could be washed‚ filtered‚ and weighed. The percentage of chloride present was found to be 24.73695223 (±0.00000006) %.
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Fingerprints KEY Chemical Reaction Silver nitrate (AgNO3) can react with the salt (NaCl) left from the perspiration on the friction ridge skin to form solid silver chloride (AgCl) and sodium nitrate. The silver chloride can then be converted to silver oxide (Ag2O)‚ which is dark in color and can be more easily seen. Challenge Suppose the fingerprint processing technique that uses silver nitrate to react with the salt from perspiration produced 5.8 x 10-2 grams of silver chloride. How many grams of salt
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