REFINING PETROLEUM The crude oil obtained from earth’s crust needs to be refined before using it. It is done by a method called fractional distillation which involves separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points. The refining is done by changing the liquid into its gaseous state and then cooling the gaseous mixture at controlled temperatures such that at a time only one of the vapours having boiling point I liquefies first. This is generally done by a special tower called
Premium Petroleum Gas Gasoline
Personal study Oil and Gas India An Overview Sahil Jain 11/17/2012 Introduction India imports roughly 75 percent of its total oil consumption and the remaining 25 percent is primarily produced by National Oil Companies (NOCs). Concerned by the alarming increase in our oil import bill‚ the government has taken several steps to reduce our dependency on imported oil. But even after more than a decade of introduction of policies like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP‚ 1997-98) and
Premium Petroleum
1. Oil companies do not allow dealers (franchisees) to buy gas from distributors. Dealers must buy gas from the central oil company. Dealers often complain that this is unfair. The practice has been the subject of antitrust lawsuits. Oil company executives argue that this policy is important because it limits free-riding on the part of the distributors. Explain the executives’ arguments in more detail. The Oil Company executives argue that allowing dealers to buy gas from distributors would be
Premium Petroleum
Bolivia Nationalizes the Oil and Gas Sector a. What are the benefits and drawbacks of nationalization? Benefits and drawbacks of nationalization 1. Public welfare: Nationalization abolishes the economic powers to form a few monopolists and enables the govt. to take steps for the welfare of the public. 2. Economic Prosperity: Government got the power to modernize the industry‚ communications and transport for the best interest of the nation. So rapid growth of industries causes economic
Premium Nationalization Public ownership Evo Morales
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR MSC OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT Recent discoveries of oil and gas deposits in some African countries‚ such as Ghana‚ Ethiopia‚ Sierra Leone‚ Uganda etc. present new opportunities to chart a sustainable growth and development path that facilitates poverty reduction. Ghana’s offshore Jubilee field‚ situated approximately 60 kilometers from the mainland is estimated to have oil reserves of 108 billion barrels as well as significant gas deposits. Ghana’s Jubilee field‚ which began
Premium Development Africa Petroleum
MICROBIAL SURVEY‚ SMEAR PREPARATION‚ AND SIMPLE STAIN Instructional Objectives 1. Define Roccal = green‚ liquid disinfectant. Pathogen = an agent which causes disease. Wet Mount Slide = a microscope slide of a liquid specimen covered with a cover glass. Yeast = a single celled fungi. Budding = a true characteristic method of asexual reproduction among yeasts where budding of a new cell from a parent cell can be observed. Mold = multicellular masses of filamentous fungal growth. Hyphae
Premium Yeast Bacteria Fungus
Is Distillation? Answer: Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids‚ the liquid can be heated to force components‚ which have different boiling points‚ into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Although
Premium Distillation
Steam Distillation 6.6.12 Aim: To isolate and extract citrol from lemongrass oil using steam distillation. Theory: Impure chemicals are usually purified using distillation‚ allowing the changes in boiling points to separate the substances. Chemicals with high boiling points decompose before reaching the temperature necessary for separation‚ leading to the invention of steam distillation. The contamination is separated at lower temperatures and allows the separation of chemicals from their
Premium Distillation
was to isolate the aromatic hydroxyl compound‚ eugenol from crushed cloves using steam distillation. After conducting the distillation‚ the expected two layers were not visible in the centrifuge tube. Subsequently‚ the extraction and evaporation did not produce the expected oil. This result is probably due to the collection of only water vapor during distillation. From another group’s data‚ 3.80% of the oil was recovered from the cloves in which the major component is eugenol. The IR spectrum obtained
Premium Water Distillation Evaporation
Oil and Gas Industry in India Base your report on the “Diamond Model” framework of Porter‚ and the analysis of international business risks as presented in the textbook. * Factor conditions are human resources‚ physical resources‚ knowledge resources‚ capital resources and infrastructure.[2]Specialized resources are often specific for an industry and important for its competitiveness.[2] Specific resources can be created to compensate for factor disadvantages. * Demand conditions in
Premium Petroleum