Experiment 2 Title: preparation of a halogenoalkane Objective: To synthesis 2-cholo-2-methylpropane by using corresponding alcohol and HCl(aq). The reaction is via SN1 of tertiary alcohol. Techniques: i) Distillation of the reactant and the product ii) Purification by separating funnel Theory: In the experiment‚ SN1 reaction take place‚ HCl is added to initiate the reaction. The R-OH attack the H+ with the lone pair on O. Then the R-O+H2 bond breaks the release a water molecule and
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Energy Efficient Condensing Gas and Oil Fired Boilers Condensing boilers are the most energy efficient central heating boilers on the market today. They can be up to 10-15% more efficient than a modern conventional boiler and up to 30% more efficient than older boilers‚ so the energy saving and the impact on your fuel bills can be significant. They achieve this high level of efficiency by removing the heat from the fuel it is burning and also cooling the products of combustion‚ which are normally
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Analysis of Food Colorings by Paper Chromatography Introduction Paper Chromatography one method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances. This is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the same principles as those in thin layer chromatography. The substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase is usually
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Organic Lab 1: Fractional Distillation Discussion: With the purpose of the experiment being to identify the 30 mL of unknown liquid‚ the theoretical basis of simple and fractional distillation must be deconstructed and applied to the data obtained describing the liquid in question. Simple distillation is a separation technique which can be used to separate and purify distillates from a liquid mixture which ideally contains one volatile and one non-volatile compound. If such ideal conditions are
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Oil & Natural Gas Market Brief Study of the Oil & Gas Industry in India & Indonesia INDIA MARKET OIL SECTOR India was the fifth largest consumer of oil in the world during 2006 and 2007 (According to EIA estimates). According to Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ)‚ India had 5.6 billion barrels of proven oil reserves as of January 2007‚ the second-largest amount in the Asia-Pacific region (behind China). Much of India’s crude oil reserves are located off the western coast (Mumbai High) and in the northeast
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Steam distillation of cloves produced 0.53g of an oil which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3520 cm-1)‚ sp2 C-H (3080 – 3000 cm-1)‚ aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2940 cm-1)‚ and both alkene C=C (at 1640 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1514 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol‚ shown in Figure 2 below: In addition‚ the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of an
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Candy Chromatography Background info: Paper chromatography is a logical technique used to separate works of a solution. Three examples of how we apply this technique to real-life would be: contaneminants in water‚ separation of plant pigmentation‚ and analysis of narcotics. Source: http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Bar-Cod/Chromatography.html#b Purpose: To find out why candies are different colors. * Materials: Candy with a colored coating‚ like Skittles® or M&Ms® (4 different
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When people hear candy chromatography‚ they don’t know what to think about it. They of course know that it had something to do with candy. But just don’t know what. Candy chromatography is fun and simple. Candy Chromatography is a fun project‚ plus it has to do with candy. Candy Chromatography is an experiment to find out the true colors of the dyes in candy. When you put a skittle or an M&M in your hand in hot weather‚ the candy tends to bleed the color. And sometimes it shows more than one color
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Chromatography is the separation of compounds to allow us to see the different colours of that compound‚ for instance we may use chromatography in a school lab to see the real colour compounds of plants and grass‚ by using chemicals such as acetone we it will allow the object to break compounds and thus we can see the true colour of the grass. In today’s society there are many real world applications which use the chromatography technique in their line of work‚ an example of one of these applications
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In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately‚ we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a result
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