D-limonene is a primary constituent in citrus oils that can be used as an insecticide‚ a fragrance‚ a solvent‚ or possibly a biofuel.1 It is a somewhat non-polar hydrocarbon that can be extracted from orange rinds using a relatively non-polar solvent such as liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) or ethyl acetate. 1 CO2 exists in a gas phase at room temperature and 1 atm‚ but can also be obtained in solid phase (dry ice) for a general laboratory setting. In order to obtain liquid phase CO2 at room temperature
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Crude oil is a naturally occurring‚ unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits. It is a fossil fuel‚ meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals. Crude oils vary in color‚ from clear to tar-black‚ and in viscosity‚ from water to almost solid. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline‚ diesel and various forms of petrochemicals and as such‚ are a useful starting point for many different substances. Crude oil is also a naturally
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Håvard Devold Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil and gas production ISBN 978-82-997886-1-8 PREFACE This handbook has been compiled for readers with an interest in the oil and gas production industry. It is an overview of the main processes and equipment. When we searched for a suitable introduction to be used for new engineers‚ I discovered that much of the equipment is described in standards‚ equipment manuals and project documentation. But little material was
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Topic: IFRS and US GAAP in the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Summer 2013 July 17‚ 2013 Introduction Many countries in the world speaks many different languages when it comes to financial reporting. When one compare the accounting standards years ago to what is seen today‚ it’s shown that investors tolerated a great deal. As the markets are becoming global‚ investors are choosing the better global accounting standards that are available to them. For this reason‚ this paper will point out the International
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mineral rights in fee simple absolute. Surface interest – rights of land ownership that remain after mineral interest is severed. Subject to an implied easement of surface use by the mineral interest owner. Surface interest has rights to many substances (ground water) and to many uses (geologic formations for storage of natural gas) Mineral interest – fee simple ownership of OG under tract; separate estate Exclusive right to search for‚ develop‚ and produce oil and gas from the property
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RADICAL HALOGENATION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Abstract In radical halogenations lab 1-chlorobutane and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution was mixed in a vial and put through tests to give a product that can then be analyzed using gas chromatography. This experiment was performed to show how a radical hydrogenation reaction works with alkanes. Four isomers were attained and then relative reactivity rate was calculated. 1‚1-dichlorobutane had 2.5% per Hydrogen; 1‚2-dichlorobutane had 10%; 1‚3-dichlorobutane
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An Industrial Analysis on OIL AND GAS Industry With specific references to Indian oil‚ HP Gas‚ Bharath Gas‚ Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. Submitted to Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineeing(Autonomous) Mylavaram In partial fulfillment of the Requirement For the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by KANDUBOTHU CHITTI BABU (REG. No. 121E00020) Under the esteemed guidance of Dr.T.RAJASEKAR ‚ M.B.A‚PhD. FACULTY‚ DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
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THE REFINERY ‚WITHDRAWAL OF OIL SUBSIDIES AND APPROPRIATE PRICING IN A LIBERALISED ECONOMY. . INTRODUCTION. Nigeria is blessed with vast quantity of oil making it the 6th largest oil exporter in the organization of petroleum exporting country. Oil is a major source of energy in Nigeria and the world in general. Oil being the mainstay of the Nigerian economy plays a vital role in shaping the economic and political destiny of the country. Although Nigeria’s oil industry was founded at the
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The oil and gas industry is one of the world’s largest‚ complex‚ and expensive industry. The prices of oil and gas are probably the most closely plotted products in the global economy. In this industry there are three main segment of value chain: upstream‚ midstream‚ and downstream. It is evident that energy source play vital input to human activities‚ development‚ and growth of the economy. Hence‚ it is believed that after the industrial revolution‚ accessed clean‚ inexpensive and reliable energy
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The Separation of a Liquid Mixture by Simple Distillation Objective The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate two miscible liquids samples of cyclohexane and toluene using simple distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are attained during the process of distillation. Background Distillation is a frequently used technique for separating mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of components in the mixture. The
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