Exp 23 B Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride 11-8-12 Purpose: The sysnthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride from alcohol. Procedure: Preparation of t-Pentyl Chloride. In a 125-mL separatory funnel‚ place 10.0 mL of t-pentyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-butanol‚ MW _ 88.2‚ d _ 0.805 g/mL) and 25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (d _ 1.18 g/mL). Do not stopper the funnel. Gently swirl the mixture in the separatory funnel for about 1 minute. After this period of swirling‚ stopper the separatory funnel and
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I. Introduction Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its fractional parts that entails many concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. This works because of different boiling points of individual substances. The temperature of the fractional distillation column decreases as its length increases. A higher boiling point component condenses on the column and returns to the solution whereas the lower boiling point component passes through the column and is collected in a receiver
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Review of Related Literature Calamondin or Clamansi‚ Citrofornella microcarpa‚ belong to the fruit tree family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small‚ round lime‚ a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail‚ about 30 mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits‚ the calamansi is high in vitamin C‚ and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively ingredient D-limonene destroys the wax coating of the insects’ respiratory system
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Steam distillation of cloves produced 0.53g of an oil which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3520 cm-1)‚ sp2 C-H (3080 – 3000 cm-1)‚ aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2940 cm-1)‚ and both alkene C=C (at 1640 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1514 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol‚ shown in Figure 2 below: In addition‚ the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of an
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Distillation Objective: To illustrate the use of distillation for separating a mixture of two volatile liquids with different boiling points. Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes‚ and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points‚ or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation‚ each of which has a distinct
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crystallization indicates that the solution has become statured. This means that at each temperature recorded the solution contains the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved in that amount of solvent. Standard solubility table of Ammonium chloride Solubility g/100gH2O Temperature /°c/±0.1 60‚3 71‚3 55‚5 59‚3 51.3 52‚4 47‚7 47‚2 43‚4 41‚8 Uncertainties and errors of volume and temperature VOLUME H2O/ml/±0.05 Percentage uncertainty/% Temperature/°c/±0.1 Percentage
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t-Pentyl Chloride is a compound that is created through an SN1 nucleophilic substitution reaction in addition with Hydrogen Chloride in order to isolate the product. A variety of procedural techniques were utilized during the experiment including extraction‚ washing liquids‚ drying liquids‚ gravity filtration‚ and simple distillation. When a single solute or compound is transferred between two different solutes‚ it is known as extraction. Another technique that was utilized was washing‚ in which
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[pic] Cultural Intelligence Cultural engagement‚ understanding and communication in a complex and constantly changing business environment Appendix [pic] Aalborg University‚ July 2009 Culture‚ Communication and Globalization Master’s Thesis Appendix to thesis Appendix I - 3 - INTERVIEW GUIDE - 3 - Appendix II - 6 - Interview transcript Interviewee I-C - 6 - Interview transcript Interviewee I-D - 15 - Interview transcript Interviewee I-E - 32 - Interview
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Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled‚ the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast‚ if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled‚ the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other‚ the benzene molecules in a droplet of
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BUSINESS MATH Simple Interest and Simple Discount Business Math‚ Eighth Edition Cleaves/Hobbs © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Upper Saddle River‚ NJ 07458 All Rights Reserved 11.1 The Simple Interest Formula Find simple interest by using the simple interest formula. Find the maturity of a loan. Convert months to a fractional or decimal part of the year. Find the principal‚ rate or time using the simple interest formula. Business Math‚ Eighth Edition Cleaves/Hobbs © 2009 Pearson
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