are not all suitable for human tissues and therefore these have to be broken down and reassembled so that our bodies can use them. Secondly‚ the food molecules have to be small enough to be absorbed by the villi in the intestine through diffusion‚ facilitated diffusion or active transport and so large food molecules need to be broken down into smaller ones for absorption to occur. Summary: 1. Food needs to be broken down and reassembled. 2. Large food molecules need to be broken down into smaller
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Chapter 3 Cell Function and Structure Wonder Drug j What You Will Be Learning 3.1 How Penicillin Was Discovered 3.2 Cell Theory: All Living Things Are Made of Cells 3.3 Membranes: All Cells Have Them 3.4 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Have Different Structures 3.5 Some Antibiotics Target Bacterial Cell Walls 3.6 Some Antibiotics Inhibit Prokaryotic Ribosomes 3.7 Molecules Move across the Cell Membrane 3.8 Eukaryotic Cells Have Organelles UP CLOSE Eukaryotic Organelles
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likely to be the source for the keto acid necessary for the production of the amino acid glutamate (3 carbon R group). a. glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. lactate d. production of acetyl CoA 4. Which of the following would decrease the rate of diffusion of sodium ions? a. increased degradation of Na channels b. increased transcription of the Na channel gene c. increase the activity of Na/K ATPase d. none of the above 5. Which of the following is a type of posttranslational modification?
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properties of peripheral and integral membrane proteins and discuss membrane protein movement within the membrane. 4. What are recognition sites‚ and how do they work? 5. Membranes are selectively permeable… what can pass easily via simple diffusion‚ and why? 6. Define passive transport‚ and simple
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1. water molecules have +0 charged ends and can form weak hydrogen bonds . water is said to be a dipolar molecule. 2. The basic uits of CO2 are monosaccharides ‚ characterized by the number of carbon atoms‚ e.g pentose sugars have 5 carbons 3. Two monossaccharids can link together to form a disaccharide . the bond between them is a glycosidic linkage formed in a condensation reaction 4. Starch is a polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin. Its main function is as a storage
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membrane less fluid. At low temperatures it prevents the close packing of phospholipids‚ preventing solidification. Many different materials enter and exit the cell constantly. There are a few main types of transport in a cell. The first is lipid diffusion which is when substances pass directly through the phospholipid
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Human Biology Unit 1 Assignment. A cell is a small membrane enclosed structure filled with an aqueous solution where the organelles are found. Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions. All eukaryotic cells have the following organelles: Nucleus‚ Ribosomes‚ Lysosomes‚ Cytoplasm‚ Nucleolus‚ Cell Membrane‚ Mitochondria‚ Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi Body. Insulin is a protein compound made up of more than one chain of amino acids. Amino acids are the building
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concentration gradient diffusion movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration endocytosis A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane. enzyme catalyze chemical reactions for cell metabolism exocytosis moves molecules outside using a vesicle‚ requires energy (ex. release of insulin due to high blood glucose) facilitated diffusion a carrier protein helps a bigger molecule carry out diffusion (passive transport)
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*Passive processes Diffusion: The Principle Diffusion – When molecules and ions level out concentration. Equilibrium – When the substance is evenly spread out through the substance and the concentration gradient disappears. Simple Diffusion – Substances diffuse across the membrane in one of two ways: Lipid-soluble substances diffuse through the lipid bilayer. Ions diffuse through the pores of ion channels formed by integral proteins. Facilitated Diffusion – When substances that cannot
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unicellular organism has contractile vacuoles which collect and pump the Excess water out of the organism (active transport). contractile vacuole contractile vacuole osmosis hypotonic Plant cells in different solutions: phagocytosis diffusion Exocytosis: this is the removal of substance from the cell and is basically the reverse of endocytosis. pinocytosis turgid/explodes Cell gains water and become turgid (stiff and hard). If water keeps entering by osmosis animal cells
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