MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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Effect of Value-Added Activity Based Costing and Economic Value Measure and their impact on Process Improvement & Business Profitability Business’ profitability and processes can be greatly improved by implementing a value-added activity based costing (ABC) and economic value measure system. The effects can save a company exponentially with the additional detail ABC information provides. ABC information provides much more accurate information about the costs of existing products and the cost
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[pic] Learning Objectives: ← To understand the meaning of standard costing‚ its meaning and definition ← To learn its advantages and limitations ← To learn how to set of standards and determinations ← To learn how to revise standards Introduction: Standard costing is a very practical and therefore widely used costing system‚ in businesses that make a range of products which‚ although different‚ pass through standard and repetitive processes and machinery. Standard cost is the
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progress. According to ACCA article‚ in back flush accounting costs are not associated with units until they are completed or sold. Back flush accounting is also called delayed costing‚ as costs are not allocated to production until after events have occurred. From view by other author‚ back flush accounting is a costing system that omits recording some of all of the journal entries relating to the cycle from purchase of direct materials to the sales of finished goods (Robert‚ 2011). According to
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Process Costing Vs. Job Order Costing Manufacturers use different types of costing systems to allocate production costs to their products and services. Two types of common product costing systems are process costing and job-order costing. While each system applies the same production costs to products‚ there are distinct variances in the application method. Process Costing o Process costing applies production costs to products based on the process they go through in the manufacturing process.
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departmental rate‚ only the direct labor hours incurred in the finishing department are used. Req. 3 Overhead allocation based on single‚ plantwide rate: Cost allocation base (actual) × Plantwide cost allocation rate Overhead allocation Job 450 5 DL hours Job 455 5 DL hours × $46/ DL hour $ 230 × $46 / DL hour $ 230 Req. 4 Overhead allocation based on departmental rates: Job 450 Machining Department: Departmental allocation rate × Machine hours used by Job Overhead
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Sino Japanese Relations in the 20th Century Relations between China and Japan are contradictory; they both rely heavily on each other economically‚ but they are distrustful of each other and there are huge cultural and political tensions between them. Japan helped provide infrastructure that allowed for the rapid industrialization of China‚ and if it were not for all of the foreign trade opportunities in China‚ Japan’s economy could have collapsed. At the same time however‚ China is still offended
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Marginal Costing Introduction The Cost of a product of comprises of materials‚ labour‚ and over heads. On the basis of variability they can be broadly classified as fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are those costs which remain constant at all levels of production within a given period of time. In other words‚ a cost that does not change in total but become. Progressively smaller per unit when the volume of production increases is known as fixed cost. it is also called period cost eg. Rent
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Historical Development of Marginal Costing Marginal cost is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced has an increment by unit. That is‚ it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good. In general terms‚ marginal cost at each level of production includes any additional costs required to produce the next unit. The concept of marginal utility grew out of attempts by economists to explain the determination of price. The term “marginal utility”‚ credited to the Austrian
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Process Costing Characteristics of Process Manufacturing • Since each product within a product line passing through the processes would receive similar ‘‘doses’’ of materials‚ labor‚ and overhead‚ costs are accumulated by process. • Process costing works well whenever relatively homogeneous products pass through a series of processes and receive similar amounts of manufacturing costs Units are homogeneous and subjected to the same operations for a given process and each unit produced in a
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