Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology I. Structures and Functions Heart Muscle * Has 3 layers (epicardium‚ myocardium‚ and endocardium) and a surrounding sac called the pericardium * Location: In the mediastinum‚ above the diaphragm‚ and is surrounded on both sides by lung * Shape: Resembling triangle‚ with base parallel to the right edge of the sternum Heart Chambers * The right side of the heart is a low pressure system and the left side is a high pressure system
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Virtual lab 9 Activity 2: Determining the Latent Period 1. How long is the latent period? 2.78 msec. 2. What occurs in the muscle during this apparent lack of activity? Ca++ is being released from the sacroplasmic reticulum and filament movement is taking up slack. Activity 3: Investigating Graded Muscle Response to Increased Stimulus Intensity 1. Use your graph to answer and note that the dot in the graph turns red when you select that line in the table. What is the minimal‚ or threshold
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Introduction: In this lab‚ I will study how muscles contract‚ what makes muscles contract‚ different types of muscle contraction‚ and learn about how resistance affects muscle contraction. I will define Key Terms that describe what will occur in the experiments; I will conduct an experiment for each Activity and provide all resulting Data as well as answer Questions from each Activity. I will then provide a short Summary for what I learned in each Activity. Key Terms: Recruitment (or Multiple
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kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/muscles.html 1. What are some examples of functions of your muscles? Lifting things 2. What are muscles made of? Elastic tissue 3. What are the 3 types of muscles? Smooth cardiac and skeletal 4. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary control of muscles? Involuntary you have control and voluntary it does it for you 5. What are smooth muscles? Where are they found? What do they do in these areas? Are they under voluntary or involuntary
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increases in voltage affect the amount of active force generated by the muscle? The force increased. What is the voltage beyond which there were no further increases in active force? Maximal voltage: ____8.5____ V Why is there a maximal voltage? What has happened to the muscle at this voltage? Keep in mind that the muscle we are working with consists of many individual muscle fibers. For the prevention of damage to the muscle. The muscle fibers cannot contract any further. An
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enzyme activity in skeletal muscle‚ particularly the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH is a glycolytic enzyme which converts pyruvate to lactate in the following equation: LDH Pyruvate+ NADH ------------ Lactate + NAD The reaction above can move in both directions‚ forward (favored by Type II skeletal muscle) and reverse (favored by Type I skeletal muscle and the heart). Enzyme
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tissue in a muscle. Epimysium (sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle as a whole)‚ endomysium (delicate connective tissue membrane covering the highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers) ‚( perimysium (tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles) 2. Myofibrils are composed primarily of two protein filaments called _____________actin__________ and ___myosin_______________________. 3. What is a motor unit? Functional unit composed of a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates
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Cardiac Surgeon Cardiac surgeons treat valvular heart diseases such as valve stenosis or vessel insufficiency‚ ischemic heart disease‚ coronary artery disease‚ atherosclerosis and congenital defects. They treat these diseases by repairing or replacing heart valves‚ widen clogged arteries‚ repair aortic aneurysms‚ implant defibrillators and pacemakers‚ and perform double‚ triple‚ quadruple‚ and sometimes even quintuple heart bypasses. Cardiac surgeons must complete internships and residency requirements
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CARDIAC TUMORS INTRODUCTION Cardiac tumours occur quite rarely‚ with metastatic neoplasms three times more prevalent than primary tumours. A large variety of benign and malignant tumours of the heart have been described. These tumors are found mainly in the heart‚ but can occur in the pericardium or the great arteries. Secondary cardiac involvement from malignant tumors of adjacent organs (lung‚ thymus) or from kidney (Wilms tumor) or liver‚ or even remote organs‚ are also seen. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Paula Radcliffe Skeletal The long term effects of Paula’s skeletal system is that her bones will get stronger‚ this is due to the bones density increasing‚ and calcium increasing in the bones. Another effect is that her ligaments would become more flexible. This is due to the elasticity increasing‚ therefore reducing any risk of injury from a pulled/ripped ligament. The amount of synovial fluid she produces would also go up. This would help her‚ because synovial lubricates the
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