sarcoplasmic hypertrophy (professional bodybuilders and endurance athletes).[citation needed] The first measurable effect is an increase in the neural drive stimulating muscle contraction. Within just a few days‚ an untrained individual can achieve measurable strength gains resulting from "learning" to use the muscle.[citation needed] As the muscle continues to receive increased demands‚ the synthetic machinery is upregulated. Although all the steps are not yet clear‚ this upregulation appears to begin with
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MUSCLE FATIGUE HOW DO MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY TO WORK? In muscles‚ it is essential that Calcium is present‚ as this gives the muscles the ability to contract and relax. For muscles to contract energy is needed: the energy can only be provided by the breakdown of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As ATP is broken down‚ a phosphate molecule is broken off‚ reducing the phosphate molecules‚ from 3 to 2. This produces adenosine triphosphate. However for the muscles contraction to continue
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Spirituality and the Physiology of Stress. Most Americans are suffering from moderate to high stress‚ with forty four percent reporting that their stress levels have increased over the past five years (Clay‚ 2011). Headaches‚ heart disease and high blood pressure have been associated with chronic stress. In the article Chronic stress may damage dna it states that Medical care professionals estimating that nearly seventy percent of doctor visits are directly related to ongoing stress (Sharf‚ n.d
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the action of electricity on the muscles of dissected frogs. In 1783‚ while working with static electricity on a table at which he had dissected a frog‚ his assistant accidentally touched the frog with a charged scalpel and its legs kicked outward as a frog’s legs would while it’s living. This made Galvani the first to appreciate the relationship between life and electricity. He used the term animal electricity to describe whatever it was that activated the muscles of his specimens. Galvani’s
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The Physiology of Fitness – Acute and long term effects on the body Musculoskeletal System Response to acute exercise Increased Blood Supply During exercise your blood supply increases to your muscles‚ the reason for this is to keep them working and making sure that they don’t get tired too easily. Increase in Muscle Pliability During exercise your muscles will also become more pliable because as the muscles contract quickly they will generate heat‚ this then makes the muscles more pliable
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For human beings‚ one of the most important evolutionary adaptations that have allowed us to reach the point we are now would be the structure and function of the prehensile hand. There are a few other animals‚ mostly other primates‚ who have hands with a similar structure to that of a human and who do make some use of tools as well‚ but not quite to the extent that humans are able to (3). Comparative research on the hand of several species with those of the human hand have not been able to pin down
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2. FLNB in Skeletal Diseases Mutations in FLNB lead to various skeletal malformations‚ involving long bone‚ joints and vertebra. There were five FLNB-related skeletal disorders been reported so far‚ including spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCT)‚ Larsen syndrome‚ atelosteogenesis (AO)‚ boomerang dysplasia‚ and isolated congenital talipes equinovarus. (1) Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome (SCT‚ OMIM 272460) Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome was characterized by the following features:
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-increase glucose in blood -increase protein synthesis : by releasing amino acids into blood -increase fatty acids in blood 3. -zona reticularis- secretes androgens : testosterone -in females: testosterone is responsible for muscle tone‚ sex drive Pathologies of adrenal cortex 1. -Addison’s disease: underproduction of corticosteroids - mineral and gluco-corticoids -symptoms: weight loss‚ decreased sodium levels--> high potassium‚ water loss from blood--> hypovolemia
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Unit 4 Lecture Study Guide Use the lecture folder to help you complete this guide. The more detail you can provide the better prepared for the test you will be. 1. What is the integumentary system and its primary characteristics? The integumentary system is the skin and its derivatives; it provides external protection for the body. Its characteristics are: covers the entire body‚ accounts for about 7% of total body weight‚ pliable‚ yet durable‚ thickness: 1.5 to 4.0 mm‚ composed of the epidermis
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Skeletal System Study Guide – Use the lecture folder to help you answer these questions. The more detail you add‚ the better prepared for the test you will be. 1. What are the functions of the skeleton? • Support • Movement • Protection • Mineral storage • Blood cell synthesis 2. What is the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts? Osteoclasts cause the bone tissue to break down and release calcium into the blood stream. When the calcium
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