Q1. General System Theory General System Theory accounts for similarities in the functioning of diverse phenomena such as living organisms‚ machines‚ galaxy and organizations. All forms‚ from atomic particles through atoms‚ molecules‚ crystals‚ planets‚ solar system‚ and even galaxies may be regarded as ’system’. ’System’ may be referred as ’complexes of elements standing in interaction. (Definition by Bertalanffy). The closed system is system that neither takes in nor emits matter. (only
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SYSTEM APPROACH A system is an interrelated and interdependent set of elements functioning as a whole. It is an open system that interacts with its environment. It is composed of inputs from the environment (material or human resources)‚ transformation processes of inputs to finished goods (technological and managerial processes)‚ outputs of those finished goods into the environment (products or services)‚ and feedback (reactions from the environment). Subsystems are systems within a broader
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Body Systems There are 10 body systems‚ one of them is the Integumentary (skin). It is composed of hair‚ skin‚ nails‚ sense receptions and oil glands. Its functionis to protect from outside‚ to regulate the body temperature‚ to make synthesis of hormones & chemicals and is used as a sense organ. Another one is the Skeletal System (bones). It is made of about 206 bones‚ that are divided in tho categories: axial bones (in the body by itself) and apendicular bones (arms & legs). We have Joints too
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The Respiratory System The human respiratory system plays a very important part in our bodies. Without it‚ we wouldn’t be alive! We need air to move through our bodies at all times. Breathing‚ is a key necessity for life. Our respiratory system is made up of many organs that all work together. The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen to the body and take away carbon dioxide. The respiratory system organs all work together‚ like a engine in a car‚ they all have a important role. Some
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Endocrine Maintains homeostasis. Ex. Growth rate‚ body temp‚ hunger feelings. Hormone Chemical messenger‚ that secretes into blood by an endocrine gland. Gland Secretes chemical substances used by the body Exocrine gland Secretes chemical substances into a duct Endocrine gland Ductless glands that secrete hormones Target cell Cell on which the hormone exerts an effect Affects of hormones Activation or inactivation of enzymes‚ stimulates mitosis‚ plasma membrane permeability change‚ synthesis
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS 1. Covering and protection 2. Secretion (cutaneous gland) 3. Excretion of metabolic wastes (cutaneous gland) 4. Sensation (presence of nerve endings and tacticle) 5. Respiration – in frog 6. Absorption – in frog 7. Regulation of body temperature HOMOIOTHERMOUS ANIMALS- warm blooded animals or those with regulated body temperature because of their heat-conserving body. POIKILOTHERMOUS ANIMALS - cold blooded animals whose body temperature closely follows
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Biology 3201 1. Unit 1- Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium II Ch. 12 – The Nervous System (pp. 390-419) 12.1 – Structure of the Nervous System nervous system: a high-speed communication system which delivers information to and from the brain and spinal cord and all over the body. In any nervous system‚ there are 4 main components: (1) sensors: gather information from the external environment (sense organs) (2) conductors: carry information from sensors to modulators or from modulators to effectors (nerves)
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The Digestive System Structure and Functions Jermaine Kendrick Vista College The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The alimentary canal is made up of the oral cavity‚ pharynx‚ esophagus‚ stomach‚ small intestines‚ and large intestines. In addition to the alimentary canal‚ there are
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Skeletal To make sure that you are taking care of your skeletal system you must be getting calcium because your Bones depend on calcium for strength. Regular exercise like walking‚ jogging‚ or biking physical activities are important in keeping your bones strong and healthy. It is also very important to get enough calcium provided by drinking milk and eating cheeses‚ yogurt and ice cream. They all contain calcium‚ which helps bones harden and become strong. Muscular Moving/exercise the muscles
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Reproductive System A system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Many nonliving substances such as fluids‚ hormones‚ and pheromones are also important accessories to there productive system. Sexual reproduction produces new individuals - Gametes (sperm & egg) formed by testes and ovaries - Fertilization produces one cell (a zygote)with one set of chromosomes from each parent - Creates genetic variation . Gonads produce
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