Behaviourist approach This approach refers to behaviour being mainly influenced by the environment also by reinforcing rewards for positive behaviour and punishments for negative behaviour. B.F. Skinner investigated Operant Conditioning of voluntary and involuntary behaviour. He explained that behaviour occurs for a reason‚ and the three main behaviour shaping techniques are positive reinforcement‚ negative reinforcement and punishment. Behaviourism has been criticised in the way it under-estimates
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correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation strength and can range from –1.00 to +1.00. Perspectives in Psychology and pioneers (Freud) • Psychoanalytic: Sigmund Freud • Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ William McDougall‚ Thorndike‚ Watson‚ Carl Hull‚ B.F. Skinner‚ Tolman •
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would be when children overgeneralise words‚ for example they would call a ‘swan’ a ‘duck’ just because they look similar. Therefore in order for a child to develop their language‚ caregivers would help them by telling them the correct words to use. Chomsky suggested the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)‚ this means that children have an innate capacity to learn‚ although this has to be triggered in order for them to be able to use it. An example of this would be when children apply tense to
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Psychology is the study of behavior displayed through the complex relationship between inner experience and outer expression of one’s mind. The evolution of psychology begins during the 4th century B.C‚ when two Greeks‚ Aristotle and Plato discover a logical and analytical form of psychology that suggested possible reasoning for an individual’s actions were based on one’s knowledge. The development of psychology continues into seventeenth century France‚ once inaccurate correlation between brain
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discontinuous change occurs in steps C. Maturation falls into Nature versus Nurture because it is biological Readiness. If your body is not ready to do something it will not happen. 7. Language- Speaking Natisist versus Behaviorist‚ Skinner is a behaviorist‚ Chomsky is Natisits Learning- Relatively permanent change in behavior Temperament- Biological Disposition Innate- Biological Genetics Growth- Increase in size of organism‚ and of its parts 8.
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intellectual‚ language‚ emotional and social aspect. These aspects are all affected by our genetics and environment. Looking at the language aspect for example‚ when a child is born‚ naturally we expect the child to start using words at about 12months old. Chomsky (1959‚ cited in Barbara woods‚ 1997) argues that this was possible because children are born with a language acquisition device; this means that humans have an inbuilt mechanism to help them recognise and speak languages. He also said that human being
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Unit 2- Development from conception to age 16 years E1 Language development is when children are able to communicate with others in many ways. It allows the person using the language to be creative and expressive. Babies communicate by using sounds and words. Then as they grow older children start to use things like theirs hands‚ facial expression‚ pictures to communicate. Language allows us to socialise‚ express our needs and feelings. Intellectual development is a large area of development
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Explain the significance of child-directed speech and the language development theories it supports and refutes Child-directed speech aims to attract and hold the baby’s attention‚ help the process of breaking down language into understandable chunks and make the conversation more predictable by keeping the conversation in the here and now and referring to things that the baby can see. Child-directed speech has a variety of features examples of these features are: higher pitch‚ repeated sentence
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Unit 317 – Support Bilingual learners Every Child has the right to education irrespective of gender‚ race‚ belief‚ sexual orientation and ethnicity or disability. These are set out in the children act 1989‚ the Equality act 2010‚ Human Rights act 1998‚ disability discrimination act 1995 and 2005 and also the Sex discrimination Act. As an independent school. Ummid works with young people from a range of different school‚ who have been excluded due to their behaviour not being acceptable or students
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has drawn heated testimony from both sides. Nature? The idea that language acquisition is an innate ability is called ‘nativism’. People supporting this view believe that the human brain is prewired for language acquisition and use. Linguist Noam Chomsky is a strong proponent of this perspective. He has spent a lot of time on developing a theory of grammar that is called universal grammar. Basically‚ it states that underlying all the different languages there are some basic principles. The nativists
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