much as 25 meters. So‚ now the question arises what is a Draft? The draft of a ship is the depth of a ship’s bottom from the surface of the water. It is usually measured in meters. If the ship is full of heavy cargo‚ the draft will be greater than if it is not full. Heavy cargo will make the ship sink deeper in the water than light cargo. In other words‚ we can say that Draft determines the minimum depth of water a ship or boat can safely navigate. The draft can also be used to determine the weight
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cultures without ever coming into physical contact with Europeans. To quote historian Karen Kupperman “Probably no European after the very first explorers ever saw an excusivley American meadow. Birds and animals took up seeds carried in the holds of ships and in the guts of animals and spread them far beyond frontier contact.” The spread of western biology created a more diverse ecosystem. The introduction of new species to the Americas was a double edged sword‚ while it created more food sources it
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Over-stressing the Hull Structure’‚ Rec. 46‚ 1997 Bureau Veritas‚ ‘Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships’‚ Pt B‚ Ch 5‚ Sec 5‚ [2]‚ April 2009 Journée JMJ‚ Massie WW‚ ‘Offshore Hydrodynamics’‚ First Edition‚ Delft University of Technology‚ January 2001 Bureau Veritas‚ ‘Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships’‚ Pt B‚ Ch 5‚ Sec 4‚ April 2009 Bureau Veritas‚ ‘Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships’‚ Pt B‚ Ch 5‚ Sec 3‚ [2]‚ April 2009 IACS‚ ‘Harmonised Notations and Corresponding Design Loading
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a seaman. Includes work building and repairing ships‚ loading and unloading ships‚ construction or repair of structures to enable waterborne commerce‚ and other work on or near navigable waters in support of waterborne commerce. Maritime – generally means “pertaining to the sea”. In connection with the USL&H Act‚ “maritime” work means work that meets the “situs” and “status” tests‚ including building and repairing ships‚ loading and unloading ships‚ construction or repair of structures that enable
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and cruel events in all of humanity. The transatlantic slave trade ruined so many lives‚ especially of those who still lived in West Africa‚ the most heavily targeted region to collect slaves‚ and lost family and friends. It also left a sizable mark on West Africa’s economy‚ political system‚ and social structure. Three historians wrote of how big this mark was‚ and whether or not it was helpful or damaging to West Africa. The transatlantic slave trade definitely had a negative effect on West Africa
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As a child you would have heard tales about ships and seamen‚ pirates and shipwrecks. As you grew older you would have learned that ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Everything from food to machinery comes by way of sea in huge ships piloted by sea captains. But what you may not know is that the captains are responsible for guiding the ship until they reach a port. Bringing the ship into the harbor and anchoring it is a task taken up by a different captain: one who belongs to a specific
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owners of Hong Kong ships are not required to pay any tax on profits made overseas and are also exempted from paying any tax on profit made on cargo uplifted from Hong Kong. (75 points) 5) What do you think of the company’s policy of not operating ships over 15 years old? (5 points) Solutions: 1) Daily spot hire rates should be determined by supply and demand. Supply: The number of ships available equaled the number of vessels in service the previous year plus any new ships delivered minus
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supplied a qualified crew along with a seaworthy carrier which complied with international norms. Operating Policies Ocean Carriers didn’t operate ships which were more than 15 years old. As per international maritime regulations they underwent special surveys every 5 years for seaworthiness the carriers. To avoid these costs they sold the ships in scrap or second hand market before the third survey. Market and Competition To value the market and competitive environment‚ we imply the SWOT analysis
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the International Chamber of Commerce‚ with the first set having been published in 1936. Incoterms 2010 defines 11 rules‚ down from the 13 rules defined by Incoterms 2000.[3] Four rules of the 2000 version ("Delivered at Frontier"‚ DAF; "Delivered Ex Ship"‚ DES; "Delivered Ex Quay"‚ DEQ; "Delivered Duty Unpaid"‚ DDU).[4] are replaced by two new rules ("Delivered at Terminal"‚ DAT; "Delivered at Place"‚ DAP) in the 2010 rules. In the prior version‚ the rules were divided into four categories‚ but the
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In this lecture I leaned about the Atlantic slave trade. Specifically how brutal the conditions on the sugar plantations slaves had to work on in Brazil were. They worked long and tedious hours. Almost 14 hours a day filled with back breaking labor. Since the labor was difficult‚ many slaves died at a young age thus slaves being imported to the Americas increased. Where did the idea of slavery come from? Slavery in the Atlantic was a combination of ideas past empires in Eurasia believed in
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