Computers in Human Behavior Computers in Human Behavior 23 (2007) 1642–1659 www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective Chin-Lung Hsu a‚* ‚ Hsi-Peng Lu b a b Department of Information Management‚ Da-Yeh University‚ 112 Shan-Jiau Road‚ Da-Tsuen‚ Changhua‚ Taiwan‚ ROC Department of Information Management‚ National Taiwan University of Science and Technology‚ Taipei‚ Taiwan‚ ROC Available online 8 November
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MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 16 pages and 4 data sheets. INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION |1. |Write your centre number and examination number in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER BOOK. | | | | | | | | | |Answer ALL the questions
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M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ MARKSCHEME May 2010 CHEMISTRY Higher Level Paper 2 18 pages –2– M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –5– Subject Details: M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ Chemistry HL Paper 2 Markscheme
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Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane from 1-Butanol Reference: Discovering Organic Chemistry in the Laboratory; John R. Ganson Ph. D‚ Revised 2011 by Alfredo Mellace Ph. D www.Aldrich.com Purpose: To synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol via SN2 reaction. Alcohols are converted into the alkyl halides adding an aqueous solution sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting the OH functional group of butanol‚ to a better leaving group. In order for this reaction to synthesis 1-Bromobutane
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of Isopentyl Acetate were produced with a 51.92 percent yield. Introduction Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the acyl carbon bears an ether group instead of the hydroxy group. Esters are synthesized by different methods such as an Sn2 process where a carboxylic acid is treated with a strong base followed by an alkyl halide. Fischer Esterification is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that converts a carboxylic acid into an ester when the carboxyl group of an acid and the
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Symbol H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+ Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Ra2+ Zn2+ Symbol Cu+ Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn2+ Mn3+ Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Name Symbol Name hydrogen ion H¯ hydride lithium ion F¯ fluoride Note that the sodium ion Cl¯ chloride letters in an ion’s potassium ion Br¯ bromide name before the rubidium ion I¯ iodide -ide ending is 2¯ cesium ion O oxide the stem. For 2¯ beryllium ion S sulfide example‚ the stem
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strong acid. The acid protonates the alcohol to create a suitable leaving group‚ water‚ for the SN2 reaction. [IMAGE] Designing... In this experiment 1-butanol will be converted to 1-bromobutane by an SN2 reaction. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (aq) + HBr (aq) -----> CH3CH2CH2CH2Br (aq) + H2O (l) CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH + HBr [IMAGE] CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH2 (+) Br(-) [IMAGE] CH3CH2CH2CH2-Br + H2O SN2 Reaction is nucleophilic substitution‚ and the products are impure‚ and so various stages of
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In the IUPAC system of nomenclature‚ functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways. The presence of the function may be indicated by a characteristic suffix and a location number. This is common for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the respective suffixes ene and yne. Halogens‚ on the other hand‚ do not have a suffix and are named as substituents‚ for example: (CH3)2C=CHCHClCH3 is 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-pentene. If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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