purpose of this lab was to find the theoretical and experimental percentage yields of the double displacement reaction between the solutions Lead (II) Nitrate (PbNO3) and Potassium Iodide (KI). It is important to obtain amounts of Lead (II) Nitrate and Potassium Iodide as close to 1.44g as possible. This reaction creates Lead (II) Iodide and Potassium Nitrate. The precipitate during this reaction is Lead (II) Iodide. The balanced equation is Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI= PbI2 + 2KNO3. In this lab the Lead (II) Iodide
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Solubility
The purpose of this lab was to find out the reaction of iron nails and CuSO4‚ copper sulfate solution. Before starting the experiment‚ there were two possible outcomes of the reactions. CuSO4 + Fe → FeSO4 + Cu or 3CuSo4 + 2Fe → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Cu. The ion chart showed that iron can only make two charges‚ +2 and +3. As the liquid evaporated‚ the weight changed because the liquid added to the nail’s weight. In a real world situation‚ scientists can use ratios to determine how much of a substance that
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Copper
in their reaction with 1-butanol in acidic solution. The reaction is shown below. The reagents are a convenient source of HBr and HCl. The reaction is an SN2 reaction with H2O as the leaving group and Cl- and Br- as the nucleophiles. The molar amounts of Cl - and Br- are equal‚ so the better nucleophile will lead to more product. You will analyze the amounts of 1-bromobutane and 1-chlorobutane by GC and NMR. We will also examine the same reaction with 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ using a reaction carried
Premium Nucleophile Ammonia
In this research‚ tert-butyl alcohol was reacted with cold concentrated HCl to produce tert-butyl chloride. The crude product was distilled to yield a pure tert-butyl chloride. The tert-butyl alcohol‚ together with HCl‚ underwent an SN1 nucleophilic substitution reaction‚ which is composed of three steps—(1) propanation of alcoholic oxygen‚ (2) formation of carbocation‚ and (3) attacking of the nucleophile to the carbocation. The experiment was only able to yield 0.504 grams or 5.21% of the theoretical
Premium Chlorine Hydrochloric acid Alkene
Introduction: Nucleophillic substitution is one of the most studied reactions in organic chemistry. In class‚ we are learning about two of these cases: SN1 and SN2. Many other reactions in this class proceed by mechanisms that are best described as somewhat between the two extremes. The SN2 reaction occurs in a single step. The nucleophile simultaneously attaches to the substrate as the leaving group leaves. The reaction displays second-order kinetics; its rate is proportional to the concentrations
Premium Nucleophile
through the Sn1 mechanism‚ 2-chloro-2-methylbutane is formed. Water‚ sodium bicarbonate and NaCl(aq) were then added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane to remove any of the excess water from the reaction. To confirm‚ a successful reaction‚ AgNO3 was added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. A white precipitate formation confirmed a successful Sn1 reaction. Introduction Nucleophilic substitution reactions such as Sn1 and Sn2 allow us to convert one functional group to another. For Sn1 reactions‚ a tertiary
Premium Alcohol Functional group Chemical reaction
examine a number of different chemical reactions and determine if they are exothermic or endothermic. Apparatus: • Test tubes {Around 10-12 in number} • Test-tube rack • Spatula • Digital thermometer { ± 0.1° C} • Digital balance {± 0.01 g} • Measuring cylinder {± 0.5cm³} • Different chemicals Introduction/Theory: Exothermic reactions are those reactions that release energy in the form of heat. Endothermic reactions need to absorb energy in the form of heat
Premium Sulfuric acid Thermodynamics Chlorine
How reaction rate varies with sodium thiosulphate concentration Background information Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid are both colourless liquids‚ when the two reactants are reacted together they produce sulphur. The sulphur that is produced from the reaction changes the solution to yellow and cloudy‚ this is a precipitation reaction‚ where a two solutions react and a solid forms in the solution‚ the solid is said to precipitate out. Some reactions will occur quickly such as fireworks
Premium Chemical reaction Rate equation Chemical kinetics
applies to this reaction (SN2‚ E2 etc)? E1 3. Why was acid employed in this reaction? The acid was used to protonate the leaving group (OH) to form water which is a much better leaving group than OH. 4. What role does the aromatic ring play in both intermediate and product formation? The aromatic ring is also benzyllic which helps us steer the reaction in the E1 pathway we are trying to achieve. It also forms a very stable carbocation which is essential for an E1 reaction to occur. The ring
Premium Carbon Alcohol Atom
Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
Premium Solvent Nucleophile