Computerized Data Acquisition of a Second Order Reaction Abstract Introduction The rates at which reactions occur depend on the composition and the temperature of the reaction mixture. Usually the rate of reaction is found to be proportional to the concentrations of the reactants raised to a power.1 There are many reactions that have a rate law in the form of: (1) v = k[A]a[B]b According to reference1 the power to which the concentration of a species (product or reactant) is raised
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Determination of the activation energy of an enzyme catalysed reaction Introduction In this practical the aim for this experiment was to find out the catalytic power of alkaline phosphate‚ as well as the rate of reaction and the activation energy of p-nitrophenol phosphate. Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyse a chemical reaction. ‘Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction making it easier to proceed’ [1]. This allows molecules to have more energy therefore
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Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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For known amounts of reactants‚ theoretical amounts of product can be calculated in a chemical process. These calculated products are determined using the limiting reagent‚ (the substance that runs out first which stops the reaction) and are called the theoretical yield. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that should be acquired during the experiment if all aspects go perfectly. However‚ due to experimental errors‚ very few labs do so. These results are called actual yield. The percent
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The hypothesis was supported by graph 3 and 6 which both showed that an increase in concentration of the reacting species resulted in an increase in reaction rate. Both graphs have a positive gradient which clearly indicates that concentration increases the reaction rate. The hypothesis also proposed that as temperature increases the speed of the reaction would decrease‚ this is evidenced in graph 7 which shows a negative decrease in time as the temperature of the solution increases. This decrease can
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Chemical equations are the symbolic representations of chemical reactions that are made up of reactants and products. It is made up of the chemical formulas of the reactants and the chemical formula of the products. The reactants are the substances or chemicals that takes part in during a reaction and the products are the chemicals are the substances that result from the chemical reaction. Reactants are on the left side of the chemical equation and the products are on the right side of the chemical
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Chemical Reactions Lab Introduction Four different types of chemical reactions were observed in this lab. Synthesis reactions occur when two different elements or compounds form a more complex compound as shown by equation (1). Single replacement occurs when one element replaces another to form a new compound as shown in equation (2). Double replacement occurs when two different atoms in different compounds trade places with one another to form two new compounds as shown in equation (3).Combustion
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A reaction is a chemical process in which substances decomposes‚ or combines with other substances. In this case it is synthesis chemical process which creates new products. However‚ the rate of a reaction can be altered either faster or slower depending on certain variables. These variables are concentration‚ temperature‚ surface area‚ and catalysts. A reaction can be made faster or slower with a variation in the concentration of reactants; a reaction goes faster when there is an increase in concentration
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of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms Enzymes are classified into several broad categories‚ such as hydrolytic‚ oxidising‚ and reducing‚ depending on the type of reaction they control. Hydrolytic enzymes accelerate reactions in which a substance is broken down into simpler compounds through reaction with water molecules. Oxidising enzymes‚ known as oxidises‚ accelerate oxidation reactions; reducing enzymes speed up reduction reactions‚ in which oxygen is removed
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enzyme involves monitoring the change in absorbance of the reaction medium at 405 nm. Exergonic (i.e energy producing reactions) exhibit a negative free energy change. Sometimes these reactions occur spontaneously‚ but generally some energy must be supplied to initiate the reaction; in other word an energy barrier exists between the reactants and the products. The “energy barrier” represents the activation energy of a chemical reaction. In this practical the activation energy of hydrolysis
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