Methods of Estimation of flood discharge 4.1 Introduction After estimating the change in rainfall‚ as described in chapter 3‚ the next step is to convert that rainfall change into a flood flow (an amount of water flowing in a river). This chapter looks at both screening and advanced tools that can be used to help river managers estimate changes in flood flows. Historical data and ongoing data campaigns are vital components of any forecasts of flood flows. Although climate change means that future
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The Earth as a Rotating Planet. What is Geography- writing about the earth. 1. Much more than place names and locations. 2. The study of spatial variation. 3. How and Why things differ from place to place. On the surface of the earth. 4. How observable spatial patterns evolved through time. 5. Focus on the interaction of people and social groups with their environment 6. Geography is about space and the content of space. Geographers try to answer three questions
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season. Rainy: Rainfall starts normally in the first week of June. July is the wettest month in Maharashtra‚ while August too gets substantial rain. Monsoon starts its retreat with the coming of September from the state. Winter: Cool dry spell‚ with clear skies gentle breeze and pleasant weather prevails from November to February. But the eastern part of Maharashtra sometimes receives some rainfall. Temperature varies between 12°C-34°C during this season. Rainfall: Rainfall in Maharashtra differs
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i Chapter 6 Measurement of Precipitation CONTENTS 6.1 Definitions and Units ............................................................................................................ 1 6.2 Observation Instruments ..................................................................................................... 1 6.2.1 Cylindrical Rain Gauges and Ordinary Rain Gauges ................................................ 1 6.2.2 Siphon Rain Gauges ............................................
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small catchments only • The formula is: C . y It . A Qy = 360 where‚ Qy = y year ARI peak flow (m3/s) C= dimensionless runoff coefficient yI t = y year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration‚ tc ‚ (mm/hr) A= drainage area (ha) Or Q=CiA i = average rainfall intensity (in/hr)equals to tc A = catchment area ( acre) Q = Peak flow ( cusecs) Rational Method 1 Qp tc tc +td • Experience has shown that the Rational Method can provide
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risks‚ given the aforementioned problems‚ farmers amassed wealth in the form of assets such as gold‚ livestock etc. that could be sold when the weather went against their crops and they did not realize enough income. 2. What is special about a rainfall shock and how well did BASIX’s earlier efforts to offer insurance fare? Why? India‚ being an
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Glaciers are one of the many amazing landforms on this Earth. They affect many things in many different ways. Glaciers also form in a unique way. Certain things must occur in order for a glacier to form. Glaciers for where there are many large snowfalls and the temperatures remain very cold all year. They form in high mountains where the snow that falls in the winter does not completely melt in the summer‚ while other glaciers form in the Polar Regions or the world. The snow builds up over the years
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questions briefly. (i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India? (ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate? (iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why? (iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast? (v) What are jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India? (vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon? (vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond? * -------------------------------------------------
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d. Greenland Ocean c. depending on where the glacier is from and the time period‚ different minerals and elements may be present in the glaciers core. 2.Process(es): Glaciers are formed when snow builds up for several years from snowfall that exceeds snowmelt. Over time‚ as new snow compresses the existing snow‚ the weight causes the snow underneath to turn to ice. The hardening effect is similar to what happens when you pack a snowball in your hand. The pressure from additional layers of
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mention those years in 2009 and the latest in 2012‚ where Manipur was hit by Drought. Many farmers face many hardships in Paddy cultivation during these two years. This was the second time Manipur have experienced a Drought. It was found that the rainfall during the current calendar year has
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