focuses on Bandura’s social cognitive theory‚ which “focuses on the mental processes by which people perceive and represent the world around them and solve problem” (Siegel G-2). The way a person perceives and represents the world is a large reflection of their environment and the social relationships they have. “People use various vicarious‚ symbolic‚ and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives” (Usher and Schunk). Social cognitive theory is important in
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Lecture 3 The Social Self Definition: the self: - Self-concept: The sum total of beliefs that people have about themselves. - The self is a set of orienting‚ mediating‚ interpretive frameworks (self-schemas) that gives shape to what people notice and think about‚ what they are motivated to do‚ and how they feel. Schemas Organizations of knowledge that guide how people process information and behave. - Ascribed identities: age‚ gender‚ religion - Personal characteristics - Roles and memberships
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Theories of cognitive development: Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was actually not a psychologist at first; he dedicated his time to mollusc research. In fact‚ by the time he was 21 he’d already published twenty scientific papers on them! He soon moved to Paris‚ and got a job interviewing mental patients. Before long‚ he was working for Alfred Binet‚ and refining Burt’s reasoning test. During his time working at Binet’s lab‚ he studied the way that children reasoned. After two years of working
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According to cognitive dissonance theory‚ there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions (beliefs‚ expectations‚ or opinions of a particular individual). When inconsistency does exist between these beliefs or attitudes‚ psychological tension (dissonance) occurs and must be resolved through some action. This tension most often results when an individual must choose between two incompatible beliefs or actions and is heightened when alternatives are equally attractive
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Leon Festinger created the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know‚ or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger‚ 1957; as cited in Griffin‚ 2009). Thus‚ people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance
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Brittney Kestler Introduction Social media use has grown tremendously over the past decade with no slowing down in sight. In our society today‚ it is the norm to post what we may be doing or thinking at any time rather that be by words or pictures. This isn’t all a bad thing either. We have made new friendships‚ kept in touch with family members and maybe even met that special someone through these networking sites. As a whole‚ we are now able to be more conveniently connected to those around us
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were astounding. We learned that environments can have an impact on our behavior. Our social environments can define us. In the Stanford prison experiment the prisoners broke down‚ rebelled‚ and became passively resigned. We learned that role playing affects attitudes. According to the class textbook “When you adopt a new role—when you become a college student‚ marry‚ or begin a new job—you are mindful of the social prescriptions.” (Myers‚ 2014). Before the Stanford Prison experiment took place the
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COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY COGNITIVE LEARNING: Cognitive learning is defined as the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes‚ the procedures we have for manipulating information ’in our heads’. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events‚ and other forms of information processing. But what does it mean? To most people probably very little. Essentially what ’cognition’ means is ’to know’‚ gaining knowledge through thought
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Cognitive Theory Paper Cognitive Therapy Ngina Hardy University of North Texas at Dallas COUN 5710- Counseling Theories November 12‚ 2012 Dr. Jennifer Baggerly Cognitive Therapy "The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind." William James (Whitbourne‚ 2011) When we hear the word cognitive‚ several words come to mind such as‚ reasoning
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person low self-esteem. Many young people suffer from the overly used phrase “low self esteem”. I would imagine that more than half of human population has at least moderately low self esteem. Even if a research were to be conducted‚ many persons would deny having low self esteem mainly because they’re too shy or too embarrassed to admit it. No one is born with self esteem‚ its society and experience that determine whether or not someone has low or high self esteem
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