Cognitive dissonance refers to any situation involving conflicting beliefs‚ attitudes‚ or behaviors. According to the text‚ A First Look at Communication Theory‚ cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state that people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know‚ or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold. This produces a feeling of discomfort‚ which leads to a change in one of the beliefs‚ attitudes‚ or behaviors to reduce discomfort
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dominant theories which forms the foundations of ethical analysis‚ because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to an optimum decision. Each theory emphasizes different points such as predicting the outcome and following one’s duties to others in order to reach an ethically correct decision. However‚ in order for an ethical theory to be useful‚ the theory must be directed towards a common set of goals. Ethical principles are the common goals that each theory tries
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Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28‚ 2009 Development Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930‚ there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in “power with” as opposed to “power over
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Present and evaluate some important elements of HLA Hart’s theory of law. How does it represent an advance over Austin’s theory? What are some problems with Hart’s account? H.L.A. Hart presents a theory of law based on the assertion that‚ the most important characteristic of law is the element of rules that enforce obligation or duties rather than rules that confer authority or sovereignty. Hart intends to offer a superior analysis of the unique formation of a public legal system as well as an improved
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VOLUME 15‚ NUMBER 1‚ 2011 Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Vroom’s expectancy theory differs from the content theories of Maslow‚ Alderfer‚ Herzberg‚ and McClelland in that Vroom’s expectancy theory does not provide specific suggestions on what motivates organization members. Instead‚ Vroom’s theory provides a process of cognitive variables
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Reputation and the Domino Theory The Domino Theory is a theory used by Health and Safety practitioners to show how accidents or incidents happen in the workplace‚ which has direct application for Reputational Risk Managers. For those of you who have ever played dominos or have seen it being stacked at Guinness Book of World Records events‚ will know that there are a number of rules vital to domino playing: You have to line them up correctly. If you line them up correctly‚ they’ll fall down
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Watson ’s Theory of Human Caring Carolyn Smith NUR/403 January 10‚ 2011 Karen Benjamin Watson ’s Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson was born in West Virginia‚ a graduate from the University of Colorado with her Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing (BSN) as well as her Master’s in psychiatric mental health nursing and PhD in educational psychology and counseling. Watson founded the “caring Theory in nursing in 1979‚ and was revised in1985 and 1988. Her theory has served as a guide for the core
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cognitive engagement‚ which he defines as “voluntary uses of high-level self-regulated learning strategies‚ such as paying attention‚ connection‚ planning‚ and monitoring”. 2.0 MOTIVATION THEORIES 2.1 Maslow Theory In 1954‚ Maslow published Motivation and Personality‚ which introduced this theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work. He postulated‚ based on his
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Theories of Crime Abstract This thesis explores the relatively new criminal phenomena of computer crime‚ or as it is more commonly termed‚ hacking. The foundation for the examination is based on how well traditional psychological theories of crime and deviance explain this new behaviour. Dominant theories in each of the categories of psychoanalytic‚ learning and control are discussed. The thesis concludes that for the most part‚ traditional psychological theories are deficient with regard
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Swanson’s Middle Range Nursing Theory of Caring By: Shari Semelroth RN‚ BSN Mennonite College of Nursing Abstract Do we honestly make an effort to improve the environment‚ care‚ medical treatment‚ and interactions with those patients who are suffering a loss? Do we adequately provide the care that they need? These questions are answered in Swanson’s Middle Range Theory of Caring. We examine the five caring processes and their applications to one’s daily nursing routines. Many healthcare organizations
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