The alleged misunderstandings were that the War Guilt Clause was to prevent Germany from any counter-arguments and asking for reimbursement. However‚ it was later associated with Germany and its "war guilt". This illustrates that "In politics‚ perception is reality" because despite the true purpose of the War Guilt Clause‚ the perceptions of the Allied nations of Germany’s role in World War I became reality for them. Not only did it become reality‚ it completely altered their perception and believed
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The Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 fits into the Ideological Worldview of Revivalism for the reason that it portrayed itself as an “Islamic Revolution” by means of validating activists’ claims a return to the religion of Islam would restore religious identity and vitality through God’s guidance. This was accomplished by organizing in addition to empowering Iranians in opposition of an apparently unbeatable shah which was even praised by a religious stated-supported clerical leader by the name of
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African Rock Art was and is a very important part of African culture. These paintings have been found in such exotic locales as Libya‚ the Sahara Desert‚ Algeria and South African sites. Most of these paintings were made at about the beginning of the 5th millennium BC into the 2nd.These pictures were painted in caves or on rock walls of cliffs‚ hence the name Rock Art. Although people admire rock art‚ the design techniques‚ usage‚ and preservation of this unique artform help the viewer understand
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social sciences which is inspired by postmodernism. As Spector-Mersel (2010) notes‚ the narrative‚ borrowed from humanities‚ especially from literary scholarship‚ penetrates many different social disciplines: psychology‚ anthropology‚ sociology‚ sociolinguistics. Acknowledging all difficulties to narrow down the term “postmodernism”‚ one should recognize the key figures of linguistic turn‚ such as J. F. Lyotard‚ F. Lacane‚ M. Foucault‚ Derrida. In a nutshell‚ postmodern paradigm stress that language
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LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS OVERVIEW • The origin of Language • Features of Language • Knowledge of Language • Linguistics • Branches of Linguistics • Approaches to Linguistic Studies • Schools of Linguistics THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE • The divine source • The natural sound source o Primitive words o Cuckoo‚ splash‚ rattle‚ hiss‚ buzz o “Bow-wow theory of language origin.” • The social interaction source • The physical adaptation source
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focus on language and discourse was initiated with the "critical linguistics" that emerged (mostly in the UK and Australia) at the end of the 1970s (Fowler et al. 1979; see also Mey 1985). CDA has also counterparts in "critical" developments in sociolinguistics‚ psychology‚ and the social sciences‚ some already dating back to the early 1970s (Birnbaum 1971; Calhoun 1995; Fay 1987; Fox and Prilleltensky 1997; Hymes 1972; Ibanez and Iniguez 1997; Singh 1996; Thomas 1993; Turkel 1996; Wodak 1996). As is
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Initiation of Code Switching Code switching‚ that is‚ the alternative use by bilinguals of two or more languages in the same conversation‚ has attracted linguists’ attention and been studied from a variety of perspectives. Code-switching is a linguistics term denoting the concurrent use of more than one language‚ or language variety‚ in conversation. Multilinguals‚ people who speak more than one language‚ sometimes use elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other. Thus‚ code-switching
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second-language acquisition are various theories and hypotheses in the field of second-language acquisition about how people learn a second language. Research in second-language acquisition is closely related to several disciplines including linguistics‚ sociolinguistics‚ psychology‚ neuroscience‚ and education‚ and consequently most theories of second-language acquisition can be identified as having roots in one of them. Each of these theories can be thought of as shedding light on one part of the language learning
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INTRODUCTION Total and unqualified submission to the will of Allah is the fundamental tenet of Islam: Islamic law is therefore the expression of Allah’s command for Muslim society and‚ in application‚ constitutes a system of duties that are incumbent upon a Muslim by virtue of his religious belief. Known as the Shari’a (literally‚ “the path leading to the watering place”)‚ the law constitutes a divinely ordained path of conduct that guides the Muslim toward a practical expression of his religious
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created in 1960 to unify and protect the interests of oil-producing countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a group of twelve states made up of Iran‚ Iraq‚ Kuwait‚ Qatar‚ Saudi Arabia‚ the United Arab Emirates‚ Libya‚ Algeria‚ Nigeria‚ Angola‚ Venezuela and Ecuador. The organization has maintained its headquarters in Vienna since 1965‚ and hosts regular meetings among the oil ministers of its member states. OPEC allows oil-producing countries to guarantee their income
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