CHAPTER 1 – THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH PROCESS |LEARNING OBJECTIVES | |Knowledge: |Identify Auguste Comte‚ Harriet Martineau‚ and Herbert Spencer‚ and explain their unique contributions to | |Remembering previously learned |early sociology.
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industrial society (modernity) many sociologists have studied the different elements that have contributed to society’s arrival in the age of modernity. One of the factors that sociologists attribute to modernity is the theme of community. Fulcher and Scott define community as "A group of people who have some aspect of their lives in common‚ engage in common activities and collective action‚ and have a shared and distinctive sense of identity" ; many sociologists
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define sociology and understand the basic components of the sociological perspective. 3. To be able to provide examples of the way in which social forces affect our everyday lives. 4. To understand the significance of the research on suicide done by Emile Durkheim‚ showing the impact of social forces on individual behaviour. 5. To recognize more about ourselves as Canadians through global comparisons and to see how Canada fits into the rest of the world. 6. To understand how the socially marginal
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Bernard McGrane believes that as sociologists they have to think scientifically which means without any bias or personal preference. For instance‚ when we are think about necessity of legalizing casinos in NYC‚ we cannot have any answer influenced by personal experience like lost money there or personal preference like I don’t like gambling. We have to think objectively without any personal emotion. As to culture shock from anthropology‚ it is a individual get in to a new society which has totally
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particular science‚ develops through three mentally conceived stages: (1) the theological stage‚ (2) the metaphysical stage‚ and (3) the positive stage. 6. Mechanical Solidarity and Organic Solidarity refer to the concepts of solidarity as developed by Émile Durkheim. They are used in the context of differentiating between mechanical and organic societies. In a society exhibiting mechanical solidarity‚ its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through
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are wrong or right. This is just how society as a whole works. It has been this way in the past and is still present now and will be in the future. A sociologist is one of the people who do this and this is what they have worked on their whole life. They have worked to prove their point and get people to understand their point of view. One sociologist may see the world as being in order or stable and improving every day. Another may see that society as a whole is so worried about being in the norm
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focuses on factors external to the individual. * Sociology emerged during the upheavals of the Industrial Revolution. Early sociologists such as Auguste Comte‚ Herbert Spencer‚ Karl Marx‚ Emile Durkheim‚ Max Weber‚ and Harriet Martineau focused on how the sweeping social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution affected human behavior. * Sociologists agree that sociological research should be value free but disagree concerning the proper purposes and uses of social research. Some
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groups. It focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships upon people’s attitudes and behavior and on how societies are established and change. Sociology emerged at the end of the 19th century through the work of sociologists such as Augste Comte‚ Max Weber‚ Émile Durkheim‚ Georg Simmel‚ Robert E. Park and Albion Small. According to Jonathan H. Turner 1982‚ Max Weber defines sociology‚ as a “science‚ which aims at the interpretative understanding of social behaviour in order to gain an
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the shared generalized other. Since social organizations create shared meaning of appropriate conduct by originating norms‚ behavior that does not conform to social expectations is relative and may differ amongst groups. According to sociologist‚ David Emile Durkheim‚ deviance is a vital component of a strong civilization. It provides the non-deviants an awareness of cohesion by repeatedly emphasizing the significance of the rule being violated. By penalizing deviants‚ the group conveys shared
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The primary goal of this course is to introduce you to the sociological perspective‚ to have you – once the term is complete – thinking and reasoning like a sociologist. However‚ because sociologists tend to use a rather different logic of investigation and explanation‚ the achievement of this objective is more difficult than it may first appear. We shall approach the study of the sociological perspective by means of detailed case studies‚ intended to provide examples of and to illustrate the application
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