Sophists cont’d 3) key pre understandings A all knowledge is relative B Culture‚ religion‚ and ethics are circumstantial and thereby changeable‚ rather than natural permanent and absolute 4) The sophists role in Athenian Democracy A The Shift to democract meant that clear speech and the power of persuation was indispensible B Sophists taught the art of rhetoric‚ the art of persuasive speech‚ not for the sake of truth‚ but for the sake of winning the argument 1 make a bad case look
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theory is a theory of ethics that holds that there are moral laws found in nature and discernable by the use of reason” (MacKinnon 2015). This theory law theory identifies the actions of humans and categorized them either right or wrong. Virtue Ethics is often used to define characteristics standard of a person. Virtue Ethics normative theory that maintains that the focus of morality is habits‚ dispositions‚ and character traits” (MacKinnon 2015). Natural law and Virtue Ethics could be compared side
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positive character traits that are influenced by external sources such as Christian principles. In the essay “On Liberal and Vocational Studies” by Seneca‚ the path to virtue is found within the acceptance of the principles taught through the liberal arts. Principles such as appreciation‚ benevolence and generosity are effects of virtue. The path to becoming virtuous begins with accepting the basic principles gained through the liberal arts. For example‚ Odysseus is admired due to his strength and
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“it is a person that is the source of value. A person is of infinite worth‚ and what a person has‚ what a person does‚ what a person believes‚ what a person enjoys are all dependent upon the person’s and the person’s autonomy. Kant says that the virtues themselves evenness of temper‚ patience‚ can be turned evil if they are used for evil” (O’ Sullivan & Pecorino‚ 2002). By the words of Kant it would seem that he believes that people have the ability to be good and bad but the choice between good
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that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act‚ such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same kind. Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility‚ usually defined as maximizing total benefit and reducing
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Virtue‚ Ethics and Morality in Business To understand‚ virtue‚ ethics‚ and morality we must first understanding there meanings. According to Boatright‚ “”morality and ethics are interchangeable; however‚ they have some subtle differences.” (Ethics and Conduct of Business‚ Boatright) Webster’s Dictionary describes ethics as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation; a set or moral principles. Webster’s Dictionary describes moral as of or relating to
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A CRITICAL STUDY OF VIRTUE ETHICS IN ARISTOTLE AND KANT Aristotle was the first western thinker to divide philosophy into branches which are still recognizable today: logic‚ metaphysics‚ and natural philosophy‚ philosophy of mind‚ ethics and politics‚ rhetoric; he made major contributions in all these fields. He was born in Stagira‚ a city of northern Greece in 384 BC. His father Nicomachus was a doctor at the court of Amyntas of Macedon‚ who preceded Philip‚ the conqueror of much of Greece. Aristotle
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and virtue ethics. Deontological‚ and teleological are considered action based theories of morality; they focus completely on the performance of a person’s action. Teleological or consequentialist is ones action judged morally right based on their consequences. When actions are judged morally right and how they conform to some set of duties‚ then it’s a deontological ethical theory. Both systems deontological and teleological focus on asking‚ “What should I do?” however in virtue ethics‚ it focuses
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NOTES – JOHN STUART MILL - UTILITARIANISM 1. John Stuart Mill – On Virtue and Happiness (1863)The utilitarian doctrine is‚ that happiness is desirable‚ and the only thing desirable‚ as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. What ought to be required of this doctrine‚ what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill‚ to make good its claim to be believed? The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible is that people actually see it.
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How did thinkers from the late antiquity to the renaissance explore the relationship between faith and reason? The relationship between faith and reason has been explored by a number of thinkers and philosopher’s since ancient times. The exploration undertaken by Renaissance writer; Machiavelli is a particularly significant due to its contrast with thinker of the late antiquity such as Thomas Aquinas‚ he is particularly interested in classical literature ttys to distil the experiences of Rome
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