organic layer in the centrifuge tube. Performing water wash promoted formation of organic layer on top of the aqueous layer. Another wash with 1 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was performed twice and aqueous layers were repeatedly removed. Final organic layer was then transferred into a clean 10 ml Erlenmeyer flask and anhydrous sodium sulfate was added until some material remained free flowing like sand. The material was left to sit and dry for a short time. Dry organic material was then
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Task 4 – The Maintenance of the Acid – Base balance in the body (D1) pH is measured based on its acidity and alkalinity. There are many substances around the body that have different pH values. A pH of 7 is usually considered neutral‚ neither acid nor alkaline‚ this is the pH of water. In the body the acids and bases need to be in very close balance‚ this is called ‘acid base homeostasis. If it goes off too far in either direction then it could be fatal to the body. For example in the body the blood
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Respiratory Case Study The following case study is of a 37-year old Hispanic male weighing 145 lbs and 70 inches tall found unconscious by his girlfriend. According to her he was unconscious for about 15 hours and she was concerned because he would not wake or respond and was breathing shallow and slow. She then called 9-1-1. The patient entered the ER by emergency vehicle and on my initial assessment Pt had an altered mental status‚ was very unresponsive showing symptoms of a possible drug overdose
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The Decomposition of Baking Soda Purpose: - To determine the correct balanced equation for the decomposition of baking soda using % yield. PreLab Notes: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) decomposes when heated yielding both gaseous products and solid products. The production of gas makes baking soda a leavening agent in baked goods. The trapped bubbles of gas give muffins and cakes a lighter‚ airier texture. When heated‚ baking soda decomposes in one of the following unbalanced equations.
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|| || Data Tables: Step 3: Show the calculation of the needed amount of Na2CO3 Convert 1.0g of CaCl2-.2H2O to moles of CaCl2-.2H2O 1.0g x 1 mole CaCl2-.2H2O 147.0 g CaCl2-.2H2O = 0.00680 moles CaCl2-.2H2O The mole ratio is 1:1 Hence if we have 0.00680 moles of CaCl2-.2H2O we will as well need 0.00680 moles of Na-2CO3 Convert moles of Na-2CO3 to grams of Na2CO3 = 0.00680 moles Na-2CO3 x 105.99g Na-2CO3 1
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the pH of the blood. The red blood cells help to maintain this system by buffering the system of carbonic acid and causing detachment of the above ions. The release and detachment is buffered by de-oxyhemoglobin in the red blood cells. When the bicarbonate diffuses and the hydrogen ions are trapped than there is a net positive charge inside the red blood cells. With this process the attraction causes chloride ions to initiate into
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more than 7.45 indicates alkalosis (low H+) 2 ABG Analysis pH is affected by carbon dioxide on respiratory side CO2 will combine with water in blood to form carbonic acid (CO2 + H2O = H2CO3) CO2 is considered an acid pH is affected by bicarbonate on metabolic (renal) side HCO3 binds with free H+ to reduce its concentration (HCO3 + H+ = H2CO3) HCO3 is an alkaline substance or base 3 ABG Analysis Respiratory alkalosis – blowing off CO2 pH up / CO2 down Always caused by hyperventilation
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Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation (ABG) Arterial Blood Gas Analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2)‚ carbon dioxide (PaCO2)‚ and the pH of an arterial blood sample. Oxygen content (O2CT)‚ oxygen saturation (SaO2)‚ and bicarbonate (HCO3-) values are also measured. A blood sample for ABG analysis may be drawn by percutaneous arterial puncture from an arterial line. The ABG analysis is mainly used to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs. It is also used to assess integrity of
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containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O–)2. The term is also used as a verb‚ to describe carbonation: the process of raising the concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in water to produce carbonated water and other carbonated beverages — either by the addition of carbon dioxide gas under pressure‚ or by dissolving carbonate or bicarbonate salts into the water.
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1000 ppm of impurities. A boiler that makes up 4000 gal/day of water having 100 ppm of hardness‚ has a potential of accumulating over 1000 pounds of scale per year. Alkalinity Test In natural waters‚ alkalinity is most commonly the result of bicarbonate and carbonate ions; in treated waters‚ alkalinity may also be contributed by hydroxide‚ phosphate‚ silicate‚ and other treatment ions. The color changes of phenolphthalein indicator‚ which occurs at pH of 8.3 (P Alkalinity) and bromcresol green
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