Clostridium Difficile People getting medical care can catch serious infections called healthcare-associated infections or HAI’s. One type of HAI which is caused by the germ Clostridium Difficile or C-Diff. In 2015 it was estimated almost half a million infections in the United Ststes‚ and 29‚000 died within 30 days of the initial diagnosis. Those most at risk are older adults‚ who take antibiotics and also get medical care. The CDC provides guidelines and tools for the healthcare population to help
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benzoate by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Summary of procedures: Add sulfuric acid to the mixture of benzoic and methanol‚ heat up the mixture to 65 oC. Transfer the mixture to the separatory funnel and add ether‚ sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride-brine solution‚ drain the bottom layer each time and remain ether layer. Decant the solution with calcium chloride‚then evaporate the ether by steam bath and cool down. The product is methyl benzoate. Pour methyl benzoate
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of water in the given ionic hydrate? (Na2CO3.xH2O) Background Information: Sodium Carbonate also known as Washing Soda (Na2CO3.xH2O) is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. Sodium carbonate is domestically well known for its everyday use as a water softener. It is also used to remove grease‚ oil and wine stains. It can be extracted from the ashes of many plants. It is synthetically produced in large quantities from salt (sodium chloride) and limestone in a process known as the Solvay process. Titration
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must regulate is water; water is everywhere in our body and its balance is essential for proper body function. A very carefully regulated process is solute concentration. If there is a sudden increase in water which enters the extracellular fluid‚ sodium ions will then contribute less to the extracellular solute concentration as the ratio between water and solute has now changed. Osmolality is the amount of solute in a kilogram‚ hence the osmolality in the extracellular space has also decreased.
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They are very reactive metals and do not occur freely in nature. Alkali metals are malleable‚ ductile‚ and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Alkali metals can also explode if they are exposed to water. The Alkali metals are: lithium‚ sodium‚ potassium‚ rubidium‚ cesium‚ and francium. Lithium The mineral petalite‚ which contains lithium‚ was discovered by a Brazilian scientist named Jose Bonifacio towards the end of the 18th century. Then in 1817‚ lithium was discovered by Johan August
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difference in charge is continued by three factors. Firstly‚ in the cell membrane‚ there are sodium potassium ‘pumps’ crossing the membrane which are proteins that bring 2 potassium ions into the cell‚ for every 3 sodium ions it pumps out. As well as this‚ there are protein channels which allow potassium ions in the cell to flow out via facilitated diffusion. Potassium diffuses out the cell much more readily than sodium diffuses in. Lastly there are many negatively charged organic anions such as some amino
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Similar to potassium‚ sodium is a major mineral‚ however‚ unlike potassium which maintains fluid and electrolyte balance inside the cell‚ sodium is a major part of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance system because it is the chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells. Sodium also helps maintain acid-base balance and is essential to muscle contraction and nerve transmission. The DRI recommended intakes for sodium for adults ages 19 to 50 years old is 1‚500 milligrams per day
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citrate and sodium carbonate were mixed together‚ then the products were filtered out as so only the precipitate remained. The filtered paper was then dried and the mass of the precipitate in the experiment divided by the theoretical mass of the precipitate from the calculated gave the percent yield. The percent yield that was acquired is about 69.1%. The chemical reaction that took place was that sodium displaced calcium in a solution of calcium nitrate‚ and that calcium displaced sodium in a solution
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Case Study: Newsflash! Transport Proteins on Strike! 1. What is the meaning behind the PHOSPHOLIPIDS’ chant? Phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane‚ in a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipid molecules form two layers‚ with the hydrophilic (water loving) head facing the extracellular fluid and the cytosol (intracellular) fluid‚ and the hydrophobic (not water loving) tails facing one another. The cell membrane is constructed in such a way that it is semipermeable‚ and allows oxygen
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Example of Investigatory Project USING POTASSIUM CARBONATE AND SODIUM BORATE AS FIRE RETARDANT IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF CLOTH Team Category Cluster 2 Applied Science Charalin Mae P. Chavez Ashley D. Tumulak Khent Bernard F. Bensi Babag National High School (Science Class) table of contents Title Page ……………………………………………………… i Table of Contents ……………………………………………………… ii Abstract ……………………………………………………… iv Research Plan Research Materials ………………………………………………………1
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