over-the-counter ingredients. It is also used as a lubricant and topical anesthetic on intratracheal catheters and pharyngeal and nasal airways to obtund the pharynegeal and tracheal reflexesl.2 Sodium channel binds to benzocaine and stabilizes the neuronal membrane which decrease its permeability to sodium ions.1 In this experiment‚ the synthesis of benzocaine is carried out by the acid-catalyzed esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol.2 Theoretical Yield: 1.25g/MW 137 = .009 moles C2H6O
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different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate (Na S2 O3) affects the speed of its reaction with Hydrochloric acid (HCL). Introduction When Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid react they produce a cloudy precipitate. Both of the chemicals are clear solutions and they react together to form a yellow precipitate of sulphur‚ the equation for this reaction is: Na2 S2 O3 + HCL‚ H2 O + NaCL + SO2 + S Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid‚ Water + Sodium chloride + Sulphur dioxide
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again can interfere with the functions of that metal. Aim: the aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect that sodium chloride has on the rate of corrosion of iron. 1. Experiment 1 2. Hypothesis: An increase in the level of sodium chloride in water will increase the rate of corrosion of an iron nail. 3. The independent variable is the amount of sodium chloride in the water 4. The dependent variable is the rate of corrosion; this will be measured by calculating the percentage
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"CHEMISTRY REVIEW" PROJECT PAGES This Project Page first appeared in the November 1996 issue of Chemistry Review‚ Volume 6‚ Number 2‚ Pages 14 and 15. Chemistry Review is published four times during the academic year by Philip Allan Updates and is a journal for post-16 students. It contains a variety of interesting and colourful articles aimed at 16-19 year-olds taking mainly AS and A2 courses in chemistry. NOTE: Project Page is designed to help you think about your investigation. It is not
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and boiling points‚ and do not conduct electricity. Since electrons are shared in covalent bonds‚ they have slightly different properties than ionic-bonded compounds. Based on these properties‚ the best compound for your ceramic fixative would be sodium chloride (NaCl)‚ because it has an ionic bond‚ has a high melting and boiling point‚ is electrically conductive‚ dries white‚ and can dissolve in water but not in alcohol. When we conducted this experiment‚ we used distilled water to test if the
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electrodes. To understand electrolysis‚ you need to know what an ionic substance is. Ionic substances form when a metal reacts with a non-metal. They contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ sodium chloride forms when sodium reacts with chlorine. It contains positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions. Ionic substances can be broken down by electricity. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when
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determine the percentage composition of each substance in a salt mixture To better understand the concepts‚ we look at the reaction below. The reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride is an aqueous system. The molecular form of the equation is Na2CO3.H2O + CaCl2.2H2O → CaCO3 + 2NaCl + 3H2O As the two reactant salts and sodium chloride are soluble in water but calcium carbonate is insoluble‚ the ionic equation for the reaction is that we present only the ions that react (after removing
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Report of redox titration--- Iodine titrated against sodium thiosulphate Objectives The objective of this experiment is to balance the equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and iodine. Principle As the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and iodine is a redox reaction‚ so I make use of this to perform a redox titration‚ iodine titrated against sodium thiosulphate. From the experimental result‚ I can find out the number of mole of the two substances‚ hence I can calculate
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Chemicals in Food Chemicals are added to food for (i) their preservation‚ (ii) enhancing their appeal‚ and (iii) adding nutritive value in them. Main categories of food additives are as follows: (i) Food colours (ii) Flavours and sweeteners (iii) Fat emulsifiers and stabilising agents (iv) Flour improvers – antistaling agents and bleaches (v) Antioxidants (vi) Preservatives (vii) Nutritional supplements such as minerals‚ vitamins and amino acids. Except for chemicals of category (vii)‚ none
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How Do Different Factors Affect Osmosis Aim: To discover The Different factors that affect osmosis. Factors that affects the rate of osmosis in a potato: * Time * Temperature * Molar * Sucrose solution * NaCl solution * Concentration of liquid * Age of the potato * Variety of the potato * Potassium‚ K(AQ) Factor Chosen: Different Molar of Sucrose Solution In this investigation I will change the molar of sucrose solution to find the increase or decrease
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