Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. H O H R O H Alcohols are usually classified as primary‚ secondary and tertiary. H R H OH H primary R R OH R R OH OH R secondary tertiary phenol Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly to an aromatic (benzene) ring are called phenols. Nomenclature of Alcohols (Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort) IUPAC rules that:
Premium Alcohol
Submitted February 10‚ 2006 Abstract: The reaction being studied is a reduction of a ketone into an alcohol with a chiral center. Because a biological agent‚ bakers ’ yeast‚ is being used to drive this reaction‚ the optical purity that results in the product is so stereo-selective that the major product‚ (+)‚ is formed for 89% of the product. Introduction: This experiment was preformed to study the chiral selectivity of the reduction of the ketone portion of Ethyl acetate to a secondary alcohol. This
Premium Alcohol Nuclear magnetic resonance
aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids and esters can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. It produces a large peak around 1700 cm-1. 3. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Reduction‚ here‚ means addition of hydrogen. a) Reduction using NaBH4 A specific reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones is sodium borohydride‚ NaBH4. In equations the reducing agent is represented by [H]. Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols by NaBH4 e.g.
Premium Fatty acid Carboxylic acid Alcohol
conversion of sugars into their volatile derivatives. Conversion of sugars into alditol acetates and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers have been the most widely used methods for GC analysis of sugars. "Alditol acetate" method involves reduction of sugars with sodium borohydride following conversion of polyols to polyacetate esters. TMS ethers of sugars can be prepared from a number of commercially available silylation reagents. Both derivatization methods have disadvantages. Preparation of TMS ethers
Premium Glucose Disaccharide Carbohydrate
produce the needed energy with little to no emissions (Wakefield 36). Working to develop a workable hydrogen fuel cell vehicle‚ Millennium Cell‚ a small start-up company in New Jersey‚ has come up with a system that creates energy by utilizing sodium borohydride (Borax)‚ a common ingredient in soap‚ as the fuel. When the fuel contacts a catalyst‚ the ensuing reaction creates hydrogen gas‚ this‚ combined with oxygen from the air‚ is the basic formula for driving their prototype fuel cells. Recent tests
Premium Fuel cell
Direct competitive cocaine immunoassay was performed in a transparent high binding 96 well microtiter plate. Each well was coated with 200 µL of 1mg/L anti-mouse IgG in PBS (phosphate buffered saline‚ 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate‚ 70 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate‚ 145 mM sodium chloride‚ pH 7.6). The microtiter plate was left over night for shaking at 750 rpm. Therefore‚ the plate was washed three times with automatic 96-channel plate washer by washing buffer (45 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
Premium Water Chemistry Sodium chloride
Nitrocellulose membrane filters Silicon powder Wetted explosives Sulfur Titanium Powder‚ wetted Zinc resinate Naphthalene Spontaneously Combustible Activated carbon Lithium alkyds Pentaborane Phosphorus Potassium sulfide‚ anhydrous Oily rags Seed cake Sodium sulfide‚ anhydrous Butyl lythium Dangerous When Wet Alkaline earth metal alloys
Premium Metal Calcium Liquid
Substitution reaction of Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl: the use of infrared spectroscopy as a structural tool in metal carbonyl chemistry. Abstract The synthesis of isomer A and B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] were prepared from molybdenum hexacarbonyl‚ sodium borohydride and triphenylphosphine with a % yield of 79% and 8.5% respectively. Two isomer was identified using IR spectra and from isomer A four C≡O stretching was observed‚ while in isomer B only one C≡O stretching was observed in a frequency ranged
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Hydrogen
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE INFORMATION Confidential Code Course Level Credit Hours Contact Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural
Premium Carbonyl Ester Carboxylic acid
substitution reactions. In this experiment two geometric [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] isomers A and B were synthesized and their molecular geometries were determined by means of infrared spectroscopy. Isomer A was synthesized first by reacting [Mo(CO)6] with sodium borohydride employed as a reducing agent and triphenylphosphine. A satisfactory 90 % yield was obtained for this isomer. From Isomer A produced‚ 0.502 g was taken and then used to synthesize Isomer B which was obtained at a yield of 50 %. The infrared spectra
Premium Infrared Infrared spectroscopy