in which a solid passes directly to the gaseous state and back to the solid state without the appearance of the liquid state is called Sublimation. Experimental: The materials that we use it in this experiment are unknown mixture of sodium chloride‚ ammonium chloride‚ and silicon dioxide. Also‚ we use some apparatus such as balance‚ tongs‚ evaporating dishes (2)‚ watch glass‚ 50 or 100 ml graduated cylinder‚ clay triangles (2) or wire gauze (2)‚ glass stirring rods‚ ring stands (2)‚ iron rings
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Purpose: The purpose of the experiment is to calculate the enthalpy change occurring in the first of reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide with ammonium chloride. Using Hess’ Law and the results for the enthalpy change of the first two reactions should give the enthalpy change of the third reaction of ammonia with hydrochloric acid. Procedure: Part 1: Construct a calorimeter of two nested stereophony cups where the cover has a hole to fir a thermometer. Measure
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molecules are too small to see‚ but you can taste them. While table sugar is made up of sucrose molecules (remember covalent compounds from chemistry?)‚ table salt (sodium chloride) is a very different kind of chemical compound‚ an ionic compound. It is made up of two smaller particles‚ a sodium ion and a chlorine ion. Sodium chloride can be made in the laboratory (don’t try this at home!) by
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sometimes light are appropriate‚ a viable seed will begin to germinate. Salinity (salt-affected) in plants can cause ionic stresses‚ especially since Na+ (sodium) and Cl- (chlorine) inhibit metabolic processes including protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins. When salt divides in water‚ sodium and chloride ions separate and then it may harm the plant. It takes about 7 to 13 weeks for a Phaseolus Vulgaris to be ready to harvest‚ but in this experiment you only
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of opposite charge? Sodium Chloride has a much stronger force of attraction to the particles because there is no evident odor and seems to have a very high melting point as oppose to camphor which has a very strong‚ evident smell. 12. Water is a much more polar molecule than 2-propanol. How does the polarity of the liquid seem to influence the solubility of these solids? Water is more of a polar molecule then the given 2-propanol which allows ionic soild‚ sodium chloride that breaks off and becomes
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reactions. (i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride (ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride (iii) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen Answer (i) (ii) (iii) Question 3: Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions. (i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride. (ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric
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The Effects that 1%‚ 4%‚ and 16% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Concentration Had on the Rate of Reaction of Catecholase Enzymes in a Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Abstract Enzymes are a key component of a cell. They make chemical reactions happen faster because they lower the activation energy to make the chemical reaction occur. Most of the time‚ it is best if enzymes produce as efficiently as possible‚ but in some cases it is better if they do not‚ when dealing with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum).
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: September 2‚ 2013 Course/Yr. : BS Chemistry III Sched : MF 7-10‚ Group#2 Experiment No. 1 Synthesis and Reactivity of Tert-Butyl Chloride I. Objectives : 1. To produce tert-butyl chloride from tert-butyl alcohol 2. To understand the SN1 and SN2 mechanism involved in the reaction 3. To determine the yield of percentage of t-butyl chloride II. Introduction An alkyl halide is a derivative of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with a functional group C-C. The hydrogen atom is then
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The size of the pharmaceutical market in Pakistan is Rs.101 Billion (USD 1.2 Billion) and it is growing at a rate of about 12 - 15% per annum. There are presently 448 manufacturing units in Pakistan and there are 28 multinational companies operating in the country which have a 50% market share‚ suggesting that the market is quality-sensitive. Export of pharmaceuticals is limited‚ presently worth only USD 100 million‚ and these are destined mainly for African‚ Central Asian and South-East Asian countries
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Exercise 14: Qualitative Anion Tests PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to identify some commonly occurring anions & to study some of the reactions used for their identification. PROCEDURE: You must first determine to which of the three groups the various anions belong. Since no two people observe the same event in exactly the same way it is important to also conduct specific confirmation tests on the known samples of each anion. This information will help identify the anion
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