"benzoate of soda‚" sodium benzoate is an FDA-approved‚ polyunsaturated fat that has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth. As a food additive it is used as a preservative‚ effectively killing most yeasts‚ bacteria and fungi. Sodium benzoate is effective only in acidic conditions (pH < 3.6) making its use most prevalent in foods such as preserves‚ salad dressings (vinegar)‚ carbonated drinks (carbonic acid)‚ jams (citric acid)‚ fruit juices (citric acid)‚ and chinese
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Acid-Base Titration Pre-Lab Discussion In the chemistry laboratory‚ it is sometimes necessary to experimentally determine the concentration of an acid solution or a base solution. A procedure for making this kind of determination is called an acid-base titration. In this procedure‚ a solution of known concentration‚ called the standard solution‚ is used to neutralize a precisely measured volume of the solution of unknown concentration to which one or two drops of an appropriate acid-base
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Name: Cindy Nguyen Date: 7/11/12 Classifying Acids and Bases Purpose: To observe the typical properties of acids and bases. Hypothesis: The typical properties of acids are identical to the typical properties of bases. Materials: * * Goggles * Well plate * 2 strips of magnesium ribbon * Sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda)‚ NAHCO3 * Red litmus paper * Blue litmus paper * Conductivity tester * Beakers of: * Tap water * Dilute
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Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme. Both dilute acid hydrolysis in a continuous
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Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
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Experiment 6 Preparation and reactions of boric acid Objectives: To prepare boric acid from sodium tetraborate (borax) To carry out tests on the prepared sample of boric acid To study the physical and chemical properties of boric acid Introduction: Boron is an element in the p-block of the periodic table. It has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p1 and is in group 3 or goup 13 (IUPAC classification). In nature‚ it consists of two isotopes 10B (19.6%) and 11B (80.4%). Boron is bonded
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KINETICS OF THE ACID DECOMPOSITION OF THIOSULFATE Aqueous solutions of thiosulfate‚ S2O32-(aq) are stable if neutral or basic‚ but decompose quickly when the thiosulfate is dissolved in acid according to the equation: Sulfur dioxide is a gas at room temperature‚ but is very soluble in water. Sulfur‚ a water insoluble solid‚ forms a colloidal suspension. As a result‚ the solution first becomes cloudy and then opaque. We can take advantage of the developing opacity of the reaction system to do a
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Science one world essay – Acid Rain Acid rain has been an important global issue for centuries. Although most acid rain is caused by human activities‚ some acid rain occurs naturally. An example of natural acid rain is erupting volcanos‚ they give off smoke containing water vapor‚ carbon dioxide‚ sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds. The sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds cause small amounts of acid rain near the volcano. Pure water is not an acid‚ but even clean rainwater is slightly acidic
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10.1 COMMON ACIDS and ALKALIS in DAILY LIFE A. ACIDS 1) In our daily life‚ there are many foods‚ drinks and flavourings that taste sour. e.g. yoghurt’ lemons and vinegar. 2) They taste sour because they contain acids‚ which give the sour taste. e.g. Yoghurt contains lactic acid. Lemons contain citric acid. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. 3) Many household cleaners and personal care products also contain acids. e.g. Toilet bowl cleaners contain hydrochloric acid. Some body lotions
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Reacting Acids and Bases Lab Report Introduction Every liquid‚ except for distilled water‚ has either acidic or basic traits. An acid is sour tasting‚ and gives a sharp stinging pain in a cut or wound‚ and bases taste bitter‚ and feel slippery. A pH scale is used to determine what traits a liquid has; acidic or basic. The scale focuses on OH- (hydroxide ions) and H+ (hydrogen ions). The scale goes from 0 to 14. 7 is distilled water‚ as it is directly in the middle; neither acidic or basic. Acids are
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