Aqueous Solutions Reactions‚ Metathesis (Double Replacement) Reactions and Net Ionic Equations Terrance Shelton Introduction India’s cultural treasure and biggest tourist attraction is slowly losing its magnificent appeal due to decades of acid rain. The walls of the Taj Muhal are composed of a marble-like substance ( CaCO3) that corrodes and eventually crumbles when reacted with acid rain(H2SO4). Not only is the Taj Muhal suffering‚ but also other historic landmarks across the world. This is
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Acids‚ bases and salts : Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions‚ General properties‚ examples and uses‚ concept of pH scale(Definition relating to logarithm not required)‚ importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide‚ Bleaching powder‚ Baking soda‚ washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and non metals: Properties of metals and non-metals‚ reactivity series‚ formation and properties of ionic compounds‚ basic metallurgical processes‚ corrosion and
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helps regulate the body’s temperature and maintains physiological functions. There are many different ways that someone can be hydrated. Typically‚ people think of water but there are other isotonic solutions such as Gatorade‚ coconut water‚ and pure sodium chloride solution (Marques Vanderlei‚ Moreno‚ Marques Vanderlei‚ Pastre‚ de Abreu‚
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use them to determine the molar mass of a substance. Materials and chemicals: 800mL beaker balance weighing paper Thermometer 400mL beaker wire stirrer ring stand unknown solid 15x150mm test tube clamp watch acetone Ice cyclohexane sodium chloride Lab Safety: Wear protective googles‚ apron‚ and gloves. Procedures: Prepare ice/salt/water bath Place 50g of solid NaCl in a 400mL beaker and add just enough water to dissolve the salt. Fill an 800mL beaker 2/3 full of ice‚ and then
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ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examination CHEMISTRY 9647/03 Higher 2 13 September 2010 Paper 3 Free Response 2 hours Candidates answer on separate paper. Additional Materials: Answer paper‚ Graph Paper‚ Data Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚
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A miser is ever in want. --Greek proverb Preparing to experiment You will be provided with the following materials: Redox Reactions Reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes are very important in our everyday world. They make batteries work and cause metals to corrode (or help to prevent their corrosion). They enable us to obtain heat by burning fuels--in factories and in our bodies. Many redox reactions are complex. However‚ combustion and synthesis (from elements) are
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Objective: The purpose of the lab is to learn filtering techniques. Specifically‚ to form and filter a calcium carbonate precipitate using a Buchner funnel. Procedure: a.) Prepared a mixture of .5 M calcium nitrate (45 mL) and .01 M sodium carbonate by combining and stirring the two liquids in a beaker. Allow the mixture to stand. b.) Prepare the filtration assembly. The assembly consists of a tapered flask with a buchner funnel inserted in the top. The funnel has a rubber stopper attached
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acid H2S2O7 (l) + H2O (l) 2H2SO4 (l) ELECTROLYSIS of Sodium Chloride: Molten NaCl: Overall reaction: 2NaCl (l) 2Na (l) + Cl2 (g) Half-equations: 2Cl− (l) Cl2 (g) + 2e− Na+ (l) + e− Na (s) Concentrated NaCl: Half-equations: 2Cl− (aq) Cl2 (g) + 2e− 2H2O (l) + 2e− H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq) Dilute NaCl: Half-equations: 2H2O (l) O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e− 2H2O (l) + 2e− H2 (g) + 2OH− (aq) Overall reaction: 2H2O (l) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) Production of SODIUM HYDROXIDE: Mercury Cell: Electrolytic half-equations:
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(product) side. This is why temperature has to be on the reactants side (endothermic) in order for this shift to be possible. 5) If you add NaCl into the hydrated Cobalt (II) ion equilibrium‚ the concentration of the chloride ions would increase and some sodium ions would be formed. Because of this‚ the concentration of reactants increases which causes the equilibrium system to move to the right (products) side. Therefore‚ the solution turns purple. 6) Cr2O72- + 2OH- ↔ 2CrO42- + H2O 9) In step 7‚ there
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Experiment 5: Shifting Equilibrium A solution is in equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction and the rate of reverse reaction are equal. This equilibrium may be disturbed when the concentration of the reactants‚ the concentration of the products or the temperature is changed. If the process involves gases‚ a change in pressure can also affect the position of equilibrium. The concept behind this is Le Chatelier ’s Principle which states that when a system is disturbed through application
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