of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask was cooled in a beaker in the water of room temperature. The solid was
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soaps are sodium salts that partially ionize in water and if you saturate the solution with salt‚ the salt will remain dissolved because it is more soluble and the soap will precipitate out because of the hydrocarbon chains. Experiment 31: 2. Sodium carbonate is used because it is basic and is able to deprotonate the compound in the mixture‚ but it is not so reactive as a base like NaOH that it will create a basic mixture. Excess sodium bicarbonate is also relative harmless 4. Sodium methyl sulfate
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Direct competitive cocaine immunoassay was performed in a transparent high binding 96 well microtiter plate. Each well was coated with 200 µL of 1mg/L anti-mouse IgG in PBS (phosphate buffered saline‚ 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate‚ 70 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate‚ 145 mM sodium chloride‚ pH 7.6). The microtiter plate was left over night for shaking at 750 rpm. Therefore‚ the plate was washed three times with automatic 96-channel plate washer by washing buffer (45 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
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Aqueous Solutions Reactions‚ Metathesis (Double Replacement) Reactions and Net Ionic Equations Terrance Shelton Introduction India’s cultural treasure and biggest tourist attraction is slowly losing its magnificent appeal due to decades of acid rain. The walls of the Taj Muhal are composed of a marble-like substance ( CaCO3) that corrodes and eventually crumbles when reacted with acid rain(H2SO4). Not only is the Taj Muhal suffering‚ but also other historic landmarks across the world. This is
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Acids‚ bases and salts : Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions‚ General properties‚ examples and uses‚ concept of pH scale(Definition relating to logarithm not required)‚ importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide‚ Bleaching powder‚ Baking soda‚ washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and non metals: Properties of metals and non-metals‚ reactivity series‚ formation and properties of ionic compounds‚ basic metallurgical processes‚ corrosion and
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helps regulate the body’s temperature and maintains physiological functions. There are many different ways that someone can be hydrated. Typically‚ people think of water but there are other isotonic solutions such as Gatorade‚ coconut water‚ and pure sodium chloride solution (Marques Vanderlei‚ Moreno‚ Marques Vanderlei‚ Pastre‚ de Abreu‚
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use them to determine the molar mass of a substance. Materials and chemicals: 800mL beaker balance weighing paper Thermometer 400mL beaker wire stirrer ring stand unknown solid 15x150mm test tube clamp watch acetone Ice cyclohexane sodium chloride Lab Safety: Wear protective googles‚ apron‚ and gloves. Procedures: Prepare ice/salt/water bath Place 50g of solid NaCl in a 400mL beaker and add just enough water to dissolve the salt. Fill an 800mL beaker 2/3 full of ice‚ and then
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ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examination CHEMISTRY 9647/03 Higher 2 13 September 2010 Paper 3 Free Response 2 hours Candidates answer on separate paper. Additional Materials: Answer paper‚ Graph Paper‚ Data Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚
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A miser is ever in want. --Greek proverb Preparing to experiment You will be provided with the following materials: Redox Reactions Reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes are very important in our everyday world. They make batteries work and cause metals to corrode (or help to prevent their corrosion). They enable us to obtain heat by burning fuels--in factories and in our bodies. Many redox reactions are complex. However‚ combustion and synthesis (from elements) are
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Objective: The purpose of the lab is to learn filtering techniques. Specifically‚ to form and filter a calcium carbonate precipitate using a Buchner funnel. Procedure: a.) Prepared a mixture of .5 M calcium nitrate (45 mL) and .01 M sodium carbonate by combining and stirring the two liquids in a beaker. Allow the mixture to stand. b.) Prepare the filtration assembly. The assembly consists of a tapered flask with a buchner funnel inserted in the top. The funnel has a rubber stopper attached
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