the mixture will react differently to sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide because each of the bases’ conjugate acids has a different pKa. The pKa’s of benzoic acid and 2-naphthol are 4.17 and 9.5‚ respectively‚ while naphthalene is a neutral compound. Since benzoic acid is much more acidic than 2-naphthol‚ the weak base‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ will be able to effectively remove benzoic acid’s acidic hydrogen. It will take the much stronger base‚ sodium hydroxide‚ to remove the hydroxide hydrogen
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SODIUM DISORDERS * Identify specific types of hyponatremia and hypernatremia using diagnostic criteria and assessment questions * Hyponatremia * Mild: 125-130 * Nausea‚ Malaise * Moderate: 115-125 * HA‚ Lethargy‚ Restlessness‚ Disorientation * Severe: <115 * Seizures‚ Coma‚ Resp/Brainstem damage * Hypernatremia * Mild: 145-160 * Asymptomatic * Moderate: 160-180
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(harmful and flammable) • Sodium bromide • Concentrated sulphuric acid (very corrosive) • Anhydrous sodium sulphate • Concentrated hydrochloric acid (corrosive) • Ethanol (highly flammable) • Dilute nitric acid (corrosive) • Dilute sodium hydroxide (corrosive) • Silver nitrate solution‚ approximately 0.1 M • Sodium bromide solution‚ approximately 0.1 M Procedures: 1. A clean dry round bottom flask was weighed. 2. 10g of Sodium bromide‚ 6g of butan-1-ol and
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MORPHINE SULFATE (mor’feen) Brand Names: Astramorph PF‚ Avinza‚ DepoDur‚ Duramorph‚ Epimorph ‚ Kadian‚ MSIR‚ MS Contin‚ Oramorph SR‚ Roxanol‚ RMS‚ Statex Classifications: central nervous system (cns) agent; analgesic; narcotic (opiate) agonist Pregnancy Category: B (D in long-term use or high dose) Controlled Substance: Schedule II Contents 1 Availability 2 Actions of Morphine Sulfate 3 Therapeutic Effects 4 Uses 5 Contraindications 6 Cautious Use 7 Route & Dosage 8 Administration
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PREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM [(K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24(H2O) Aim: To prepare a pure sample of potash alum. [K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O] Principle: Potash alum is prepared by dissolving an equi molar mixture of aluminum sulphate and potassium sulphate in minimum amount of water containing a little amount of sulphuric acid and then subjecting the solution to crystallisation; octahedral crystals of potash alum separate out. Apparatus required: Beaker (100 ml) Trough Funnel Wire gauze Conical
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Chloride Non Aqueous Acidimetry Blank titration Perchloric acid Mercuric acetate TS Crystal violet TS 2 Cl- + Hg (OAC)2 + 2HClO4 2 ClO4- + 2HOAc + 2HgCl2 Assay of Phenytoin Non Aqueous alkalimetry Blank titration Sodium methoxide Saturated sol’n of Azo violet in Benzene H C6H5 N--C=O C C6H5 C-NH + CH3O- O C6H5 N=C-O C C6H5 C-NH + CH3OH O OXIDATION-REDUCTION
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Title: Preparation of magnesium sulphate. Date:11.02.2010 Aim: To prepare magnesium sulphate Theory: Magnesium sulfate (or magnesium sulphate) is a chemical compound containing magnesium‚ sulfur and oxygen‚ with the formula MgSO4. In its hydrated form the pH is 6.0 (5.5 to 6.5). It is often encountered as the heptahydrate‚ MgSO4·7H2O‚ commonly called Epsom salt. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is used as a drying agent. Since the anhydrous form is hygroscopic (readily absorbs water from the air) and is
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Modern methods of food production have altered radically from processes used in the past. Many food producing companies have invented their own improved techniques of cooking. Most of these procedures contain numerous different forms of chemical additives and one of the newest chemical substances that will enhance food flavor is monosodium glutamate (MSG). Even though it has no taste of its own‚ it intensifies considerably the taste of a wide variety of food as well as revealing flavors that could
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with the sodium chloride dissolved in it with the carbon dioxide gas bubbles. 4. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Na+ + OH- + H+ + Cl- → Na+ + Cl- + H2O(l) OH- + H+ → H2O This reaction with a strong acid‚ as noted‚ released heat‚ which we call an exothermic reaction. 5. BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4 → BaSO4(s) + 2HCl Ba+2 + 2Cl- + 2H+ + SO4-2 → BaSO4(s) + 2H+ + 2Cl- Ba+2 + SO4-2 → BaSO4(s) Here we have Hydrogen and chlorine as spectator ions. One of the solubility rules is that sulfates are soluble
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A The % Composition and Empirical Formula of a Hydrate: It Doesn’t Hold Water‚ Or Does It? 1. To determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate. 2. To calculate water(s) of crystallization for an unknown hydrate. 3. To determine the formula of an unknown hydrate. OBJECTIVES SKILLS Proper use of the following equipment: Dial-O-Gram balance (Laboratory Technique I)‚ electronic balance (Laboratory Technique II) and Bunsen burner (Laboratory Technique III). Dial-O-Gram balance‚ electronic
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