Discussion Field observations and lab analysis indicated that‚ there are many types of damages that wall painting can undergo in the Komir temple. All building and decoration materials of Komir temple have been investigated concerning the contamination with soluble salts. Soluble salts represent one of the most important causes of stone decay that may precipitate on the external surface (“efflorescence’s”) or in proximity of the surface (“subefflorescence’s”) [Brai et al 2010]. The degradation induced
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Unit 1 – Lesson 1 Chemistry Key Questions 1. Element Standard Notation # Of Electrons # Of Protons # Of Neutrons Sodium 23 11 Na 11 11 12 Chromium 24 Ca 26 26 27 ? Phosphorus 32 P 15 15 16 2. Fireworks; Which metals burn to produce these colours? Red – Lithium (Sr) Blue – Cesium (Cs) Pink – Potassium (K) Yellow/Green – Copper (Cu) Orange – Carbon (Ca) 3. Let’s say that the three bottles contain Fe(NO3)3‚ BaCl‚ and AgNO3. These are Iron (III) Nitrate‚ Barium Chloride
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Investigating the Ratio Between Poly-Vinyl Alcohol and Sodium Borate to form a Bouncing Ball Timothy English Gen. Chem. 1 Lab Section: 009 Introduction: Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that will be used as one element to form the well know bouncing ball‚ along with Sodium Borate (borax)‚ which has a variety of uses because of its weak base. PVA is ideal for this experiment because it is odorless‚ nontoxic‚ has high tensile strength and flexibility. The
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In the experiment‚ 0.3 g of mixture was dissolved in 3 mL of t-butyl methyl ether in a centrifuge tube. Then‚ 2 mL of 0.5 M NaHCO3 was added‚ shaken for one minute‚ and allowed to sit for two minutes so the layers could separate. The lower water layer was removed with a Pasteur pipette and placed in a test tube labeled “Acid.” Next‚ 0.5 mL of distilled water was added to wash the ether layer in the centrifuge tube and then discarded. 2 mL of 0.5 M NaOH was added to the remaining layer‚ shaken for
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molar mass is 62.1 g/mole. What is its molecular formula? 5. Name the following: a) Ca(OH)2 b) KCN c) HClO4(aq) d) FeSO4 e) Na2O f) SF6 g) MgSO4 ( 2H2O h) Na2O2 6. What are the formulas of the following compounds? a) sodium sulfite b) potassium permanganate c) calcium sulfide d) aluminum hydroxide e) mercury (II) phosphate f) tetraphosphorus trisulfide g) nitrous acid 7. Which of the following is not an example of a chemical change? a) converting gasoline
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done to ensure that the end product is an alkene. Procedure: The procedure given on pages 24-25 in the CH102 Lab Manual 2012 was followed with a few modifications as follows. Steps 6 and 7 were interchanged‚ that is‚ first 10cm³ of 3M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was transferred to a separating funnel to which the distillate was added so that incase the funnel was leaking no distillate would be lost. Some changes were also made to step 12. Instead of gravity filtration using cotton wool
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demonstrates the similarity between the value of the sum for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2’s change in temperature‚ compared to Reaction 3’s change in temperature. Reaction 1 was the dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water with a ΔH°rxn of -47047 J/mol‚ Reaction 2 was the neutralization of liquid sodium hydroxide with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -31289 J/mol and Reaction 3 was the dissolution and neutralization of solid NaOH with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -91000 J/mol. Consequently‚ the sum of Reaction 1 and
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Lab #5 Chemical Reactions & Balancing Equations Objectives Observe and classify several chemical and physical changes. Give evidence for the occurrence of a chemical reaction. Write a balanced equation for a chemical reaction. Identify a reaction as a combination‚ decomposition‚ replacement‚ or combustion reaction. Background Physical properties can be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance. Common physical properties that can be measured without changing the chemical
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Muscle and Nerve Preparation Preparation of Ringer ’s solution Dissolve 6.5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)‚ 0.14 g of potassium chloride (KCl)‚ and 0.20 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in 800 mL of distilled water. Also‚ dissolve 0.16 g of hydrated calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) and 0.39 g of hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) in 100 mL of distilled water. Add the 100 mL cautiously to the 800 mL‚ stirring vigorously. Then make the final volume equal to 1 liter by adding more distilled water
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OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Oxygen makes up only about 20% of the air‚ yet is the essential component for so many reactions. Without it fuels would not burn‚ iron would not rust and we would be unable to obtain energy from our food molecules through respiration. Indeed animal life on the planet did not evolve until a certain concentration of oxygen had built up in the atmosphere over 600 million years ago. The term oxidation has been in use for a long time to describe these and other reactions where
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