affected by both acid and base-forming ions. The acid forming cations are positively charged ions they commonly include hydrogen ions‚ aluminium ions ‚and iron(II and III ions). Base forming cations commonly comprise of calcium ions‚ magnesium ions‚ sodium ions and potassium ions. It is also known that the CEC is positively correlated with soil pH. As the dilution of the soil solution increases‚ the pH is also seen to increase. The effect of adding water and occasional mixing during the 30 minute
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Lab 4: Physical & Chemical Properties Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to distinguish if different substances react to heat or cold and if a solution is added to it during the experiment will it change the substance or leave it the same. Throughout the different tests each substance is put through a series of tests to determine if it changes in any way in regards to color‚ odor‚ or consistency from the start of the experiment. The results will be documented in table 1. Data Table 1: Solubility
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INVESTIGATE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SOLUBILITY OF SALTS Research question How does temperature affect the dissolving time of various salts.? Hypothesis I predict that with water of high temperature the salts will dissolve quicker. Controlled Variable Amount of water (solvent) Amount of salt used (solute) Type of cups taken and their sizes Independent variable Temperature of water Dependent variable Time taken for each salt to dissolve Material Required Measuring
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ingredients: Complex Sodium Phosphates and sodium carbonate‚ Nonionic surfactant and chlorine bleach‚ sodium silicate‚ sodium sulfate. (D) What do these ingredients do in the mixture? When tested as a whole can be considered an eye irritant. Complex Sodium Phosphates and sodium carbonate are used as a water softener. Nonionic surfactant and chlorine bleach is a cleaning and water spot preventive agent. Sodium silicate is a dishwasher and china protection agent. Sodium sulfate has multiple jobs
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Steam Distillation – Clove Oil Abstract: In this experiment‚ a situ method steam distillation was performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained‚ extraction techniques were used to extract a crude‚ eugenol‚ and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol‚ for the eugenol sample it
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Kinetics of a Reaction I. List of reagents & products 1. 1.0 M Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2‚ 0.10 M Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)‚ 0.010 M Potassium Iodide (KI)‚ 0.040 M Potassium Bromate (KBrO3)‚ 0.0010 M Sodium Thiosulfate (N2S2O3)‚ 2% Starch solution‚ Water (H2O) II. Summary of Procedure. Part 1: Find the Volume of One Drop of Solution 2. Fill pipet with 3ml of distilled water 3. Mass a beaker and record 4. Put 5 drops of water into beaker and record
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chemical process taking place. Important note: There are a few physical processes on this sheet – You can’t write an equation for a physical process! 1) When lithium hydroxide pellets are added to a solution of sulfuric acid (dihydrogen sulfate)‚ lithium sulfate and water are formed. 2) When dirty water is boiled for purification purposes‚ the temperature is brought up to 1000 C for 15 minutes. 3) If a copper coil is placed into a solution of silver nitrate‚ silver crystals form on the surface
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Solubility Curve of Sodium Nitrate Data collection |Temperature (°C) | |Mass of solute in 5ml (g) |Mass of solute in 100ml (g) | |1st set of data |2nd set of data |Average | | | |23.5 |24.0 |23.8 |4.5
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soaps are sodium salts that partially ionize in water and if you saturate the solution with salt‚ the salt will remain dissolved because it is more soluble and the soap will precipitate out because of the hydrocarbon chains. Experiment 31: 2. Sodium carbonate is used because it is basic and is able to deprotonate the compound in the mixture‚ but it is not so reactive as a base like NaOH that it will create a basic mixture. Excess sodium bicarbonate is also relative harmless 4. Sodium methyl sulfate
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Sodium borohydride Reduction of Benzil Introduction: The Purpose of this experiment is for the students to learn how to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols‚ and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product‚ the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH‚ LiAlH4
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