preparation of soil‚ sowing‚ adding manure and fertilizers‚ irrigation‚ protection from weeds‚ harvesting‚ and storage. In the step of adding manure and fertilizers‚ it will become soil pollution. As plant requires nutrients for its growth and development which are absorbed through soil. The nutrient supplying sources are manures and fertilizers. Application of manures and fertilizers to the soil is one of the important factors which help in increasing the crop yield and to maintain the soil fertility
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Trophic Categories: 1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Detritus feeders and decomposers Producers = organisms that capture energy from the sun or from chemical reactions to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter Organic Matter vs. Inorganic Matter -Matter that makes up the bodies of living things generally characterized by the presence of carbon and hydrogen bonds. Most producers are green plants. 1. Autotroph i. Chemosynthetic bacteria ii. Green plants iii. Algae 2. Heterotroph
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lower regions of the Himalayan Mountains‚ stretching from the west of Pakistan to the east of Namche Barwa (crossing six nations). There are many causes for the Himalayan foothills to become an erosional hotspot. One big contributor towards the soil degradation in the area are humans. People have been living in the Himalayas for thousands of years. As the years go by‚ people move around the area‚ destroying the natural flora of the land. Some of these lands might originally be rich in biodiversity
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throughout the year specially when the provided soil is rich in organic fertilizer and with good drainage. It could be harvested as they reached the desired size (Cultural Directions for Phil. Agricultural Crops‚ 2003). Sewage sludge is produced from the treatment of wastewater. It has generally been perceived by the public as a waste which has a little beneficial use and needs to be disposed of in landfills. It can be a source of nutrients for the soil. Using this material as a fertilizer can benefit
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Ground Improvement Factors affecting the selection of techniques Need for Soil Improvement Soft Clay Liquefaction and sinkhole formation Methods for Soil Improvement Ground Reinforcement • Stone Columns • Soil Nails • Micropiles • Jet Grouting • Ground Anchors • Geosynthetics • Fibers • Lime Columns • Vibro-Concrete Column • Mechanically Stabilized Earth • Biotechnical Ground Improvement Ground Treatment • Surface • Soil Cement Compaction • Lime Admixtures • Drainage/Surcharge • Flyash • Electro-osmosis
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Compaction Courtesy of U.S. WICK DRAIN‚ INC. 1 1. Soil Improvement 2 1 1.1 Methods for Soil Improvement Ground Reinforcement • • • • • • • • • • • Stone Columns Soil Nails Deep Soil Nailing Micropiles (Mini-piles) Jet Grouting Ground Anchors Geosynthetics Fiber Reinforcement Lime Columns Vibro-Concrete Column Mechanically Stabilized Earth • Biotechnical Ground Improvement • Deep Dynamic Compaction • Drainage/Surcharge • Electro-osmosis • Compaction grouting • Blasting • Surface
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Using Compost Composting upcycles organic kitchen ‚ yard and agro-industrial waste and manures into an extremely useful humus-like‚ soil end product‚ permitting the return of vital organic matter‚ nutrients‚ and particularly bacteria‚ that are vital to plant nutrition to the soil. Long used in subsistence farming and home gardening for creating garden-ready soil‚ composting is becoming increasingly important and better understood as a tool for reducing municipal and industrial solid waste‚ and
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our land resources‚ has taken a heavy toll on our soils. What are the causes of this issue? e.g land degradation‚ salinity and overgrazing Firstly‚ land degradation is any change in the land that reduces its existing or potential productivity. It commonly occurs wherever the natural balance in the landscape is changed by human activity‚ through misuse or overuse. This is the result of land when using it beyond its capabilities. As we know‚ soil is a natural resource vital to the well-being of
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food yield. Soil fertility maintenance is essential in achieving and maintaining high crop yields over a period of time. Fertilizer application has usually been the major means of supplying plant nutrients. Use of mineral fertilizers has proven to be more convenient than the use of organic fertilizers that have traditionally been used since pre- industrial age. The impact of increased use of mineral fertilizers has been high but the resulting soil physical degradation‚ and increased soil acidity level
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into the surrounding soil. The sides of the planting hole should be sloped. The hole should be no deeper then the root ball or container to prevent the tree from settling or being planted too deeply. 2. Tree Preparations: For a container tree; remove the container. For a balled and bur lapped (B&B) tree‚ remove the rope around the trunk and loosen the burlap. If the root flare is not visible‚ gently remove soil from the top of the ball until the tree is again at proper soil level. On both types
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